Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

11,133
lessons
Skills in this topic
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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data
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I Built a Production-Grade AI Platform From Scratch (Here’s the Exact Folder Structure)
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
I Built a Production-Grade AI Platform From Scratch (Here’s the Exact Folder Structure)
Every file, every decision, every reason behind a real-world AI system Continue reading on Medium »
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DL in Drug Discovery: A Deep Learning Perspective on the Future of Medicine
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
DL in Drug Discovery: A Deep Learning Perspective on the Future of Medicine
Diving and throwing light on the one of the applications of Deep Learning in Medicine and understanding it’s future aspects Continue reading on Medium »
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ShopLens — Ecommerce Customer Segmantation System
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
ShopLens — Ecommerce Customer Segmantation System
Data Science & Machine Learning Continue reading on Medium »
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The Evolution of Java in 2026: A Deep Dive into the JVM’s Renaissance
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Evolution of Java in 2026: A Deep Dive into the JVM’s Renaissance
Exploring Java 25 (LTS), Valhalla’s value classes, and the massive architectural shifts keeping the JVM at the top of the food chain. Continue reading on ILLUMI
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High-Performance C++: 20 Class-Level Optimizations That Actually Matter (Part-1)
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
High-Performance C++: 20 Class-Level Optimizations That Actually Matter (Part-1)
20 Battle-Tested C++ Class Optimizations for Low-Latency and High-Performance Systems Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Building a CycleGAN from Scratch: Sketch ↔ Photo Translation Without Paired Data
How I trained a neural network to turn rough sketches into realistic photos — and back again — using unpaired images and PyTorch Continue reading on Medium »
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How Does Your Brain Make Decisions? The Story of the Mind’s Two “Systems”
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
How Does Your Brain Make Decisions? The Story of the Mind’s Two “Systems”
Continue reading on Medium »
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Türkçe İşaret Dili _Makine Öğrenimi Bitirme Projesinin “Kod, Ter ve Gözyaşı” Hikayesi.bölüm1
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Türkçe İşaret Dili _Makine Öğrenimi Bitirme Projesinin “Kod, Ter ve Gözyaşı” Hikayesi.bölüm1
Her şey, 2. dönem bitirme ödevim için gerçekten ‘imzası olan’ bir proje yapma arzusuyla başladı. Aylarca süren araştırmaların ardından… Continue reading on Medi
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Türkçe İşaret Dili _Makine Öğrenimi Bitirme Projesinin “Kod, Ter ve Gözyaşı” Hikayesi.bölüm1
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Türkçe İşaret Dili _Makine Öğrenimi Bitirme Projesinin “Kod, Ter ve Gözyaşı” Hikayesi.bölüm1
Her şey, 2. dönem bitirme ödevim için gerçekten ‘imzası olan’ bir proje yapma arzusuyla başladı. Aylarca süren araştırmaların ardından… Continue reading on Medi
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Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Dreaming in Cubes
Generating Minecraft Worlds with Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAE) and Transformers The post Dreaming in Cubes appeared first on Towards Data S
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What Is Bengali Data Annotation, and Why Does It Matter?
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
What Is Bengali Data Annotation, and Why Does It Matter?
Did you know that Bengali is the 7th most spoken language in the world, with over 300 million speakers, yet it often takes a backseat in… Continue reading on Me
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The Coding Mistake I Repeated for Years Without Noticing
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Coding Mistake I Repeated for Years Without Noticing
For years, I believed I was getting faster at coding. Continue reading on Medium »
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NiftyPulse: Multi-Factor Intraday Signal Engine for Nifty 50 — Backed by ML Model
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
NiftyPulse: Multi-Factor Intraday Signal Engine for Nifty 50 — Backed by ML Model
I’ve spent years in software development with a parallel obsession with equities and intraday trading. The idea of building a trading… Continue reading on Mediu
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LSTM Gates and Architecture
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
LSTM Gates and Architecture
A detailed explanation of LSTM gates and its working Continue reading on Medium »
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Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Training ML Models on Cloud GPUs: Cost Optimization Tips
Training machine learning (ML) models on cloud GPUs can be a powerful way to accelerate your development. However, the costs associated with GPU instances can q
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Explainable AI: Making Deep Models Interpretable
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Explainable AI: Making Deep Models Interpretable
Introduction Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Subtitle: How vectors, matrices, and transformations power the AI revolution — explained simply. Continue reading on Medium »
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Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Subtitle: How vectors, matrices, and transformations power the AI revolution — explained simply. Continue reading on Medium »
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Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Subtitle: How vectors, matrices, and transformations power the AI revolution — explained simply. Continue reading on Medium »
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Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Title: Linear Algebra: The Silent Engine Behind Every Machine Learning Model
Subtitle: How vectors, matrices, and transformations power the AI revolution — explained simply. Continue reading on Medium »
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The Dataset That Made Forecasting Feel Urgent
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Dataset That Made Forecasting Feel Urgent
Looking back at the moment I pulled the NOAA billion-dollar disaster dataset into R for the first time, I was expecting something… Continue reading on Medium »
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Naive Bayes Explained
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Naive Bayes Explained
The Algorithm That Powers Spam Filters, Medical Diagnosis, and More Continue reading on Medium »
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Boosting Algorithm: Interview Revision in One Go
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Boosting Algorithm: Interview Revision in One Go
In this we will cover Ensemble Learning, Bagging vs Boosting, Bias vs Variance Tradeoff, Ada Boost, Gradient Boost, XG Boost, Light GBM… Continue reading on Tow
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Boosting Algorithm: Interview Revision in One Go
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Boosting Algorithm: Interview Revision in One Go
In this we will cover Ensemble Learning, Bagging vs Boosting, Bias vs Variance Tradeoff, Ada Boost, Gradient Boost, XG Boost, Light GBM… Continue reading on Tow
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Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Why Label Encoding is Ruining Your ML Models (And How to Fix It)
Machine Learning models are mathematical geniuses, but they are completely “illiterate” when faced with text data. Continue reading on Medium »
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Discover the New Periodic Table of AI Methods
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Discover the New Periodic Table of AI Methods
Continue reading on AI Simplified in Plain English »
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Predicting Blood Shortages Before They Happen
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Predicting Blood Shortages Before They Happen
How NLP, Random Forest, and a deep respect for clinical messiness built a blood demand forecasting system that works in production Continue reading on Medium »
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Predicting Blood Shortages Before They Happen
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Predicting Blood Shortages Before They Happen
How NLP, Random Forest, and a deep respect for clinical messiness built a blood demand forecasting system that works in production Continue reading on Medium »
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Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
How a MILP model using demographic and geographic data turned strategic clinic site decisions from intuition into rigorous science Continue reading on Medium »
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Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
How a MILP model using demographic and geographic data turned strategic clinic site decisions from intuition into rigorous science Continue reading on Medium »
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Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Optimising Clinic Placement with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
How a MILP model using demographic and geographic data turned strategic clinic site decisions from intuition into rigorous science Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
ML Compilers Aren’t All the Same — Here’s Why
If you’ve trained or deployed a model recently, you’ve depended on an ML compiler — possibly several of them stacked on top of each other… Continue reading on M
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Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
ML Compilers Aren’t All the Same — Here’s Why
If you’ve trained or deployed a model recently, you’ve depended on an ML compiler — possibly several of them stacked on top of each other… Continue reading on M
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Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
ML Compilers Aren’t All the Same — Here’s Why
If you’ve trained or deployed a model recently, you’ve depended on an ML compiler — possibly several of them stacked on top of each other… Continue reading on M
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How Machines Draw the Line: A Beginner’s Guide to Regression
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How Machines Draw the Line: A Beginner’s Guide to Regression
You want to predict the price of a house. You have the square footage, the number of rooms, and the neighborhood, as well as a thousand… Continue reading on Cod
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How Machines Draw the Line: A Beginner’s Guide to Regression
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How Machines Draw the Line: A Beginner’s Guide to Regression
You want to predict the price of a house. You have the square footage, the number of rooms, and the neighborhood, as well as a thousand… Continue reading on Cod
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XGBoost Explained: Why Gradient Boosting Became a Machine Learning Powerhouse
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
XGBoost Explained: Why Gradient Boosting Became a Machine Learning Powerhouse
How a smarter, faster version of boosting became one of the strongest models for tabular data Continue reading on Medium »
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XGBoost Explained: Why Gradient Boosting Became a Machine Learning Powerhouse
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
XGBoost Explained: Why Gradient Boosting Became a Machine Learning Powerhouse
How a smarter, faster version of boosting became one of the strongest models for tabular data Continue reading on Medium »
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Rethinking Indicators: From Price Measurement to Structural Observation
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Rethinking Indicators: From Price Measurement to Structural Observation
Introducing PET (Predictive Environment Theory) Continue reading on Medium »
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Your AI App Is Not Fine: A 5-Minute Guide to Observability and Evals with Galileo
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Your AI App Is Not Fine: A 5-Minute Guide to Observability and Evals with Galileo
Because “it worked in my demo” is not a production strategy. Continue reading on Medium »
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How LDA Can Be Used to Detect Trending Topics on Social Media
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How LDA Can Be Used to Detect Trending Topics on Social Media
Continue reading on Medium »
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Forecasting with Augmented Dynamic Adaptive Model, Language Modeling from Scratch | Issue 84
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Forecasting with Augmented Dynamic Adaptive Model, Language Modeling from Scratch | Issue 84
A weekly curated update on data science and engineering topics and resources. Continue reading on Medium »
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Forecasting with Augmented Dynamic Adaptive Model, Language Modeling from Scratch | Issue 84
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Forecasting with Augmented Dynamic Adaptive Model, Language Modeling from Scratch | Issue 84
A weekly curated update on data science and engineering topics and resources. Continue reading on Medium »
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From Raw Data to Profit: Designing a Full Trading Pipeline in Python
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
From Raw Data to Profit: Designing a Full Trading Pipeline in Python
How to Build an End-to-End Quant System (Data → Features → Model → Execution) Continue reading on Medium »
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From Raw Data to Profit: Designing a Full Trading Pipeline in Python
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
From Raw Data to Profit: Designing a Full Trading Pipeline in Python
How to Build an End-to-End Quant System (Data → Features → Model → Execution) Continue reading on Medium »
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Do You Actually Need AI in your use-case?
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Do You Actually Need AI in your use-case?
A practical guide for choosing between Programming and AI. Continue reading on Medium »
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Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Part 2: The Data — Building the First Public Coffee Roasting Audio Dataset with Warp/Oz
There is no widely available public audio dataset for coffee roasting first crack detection. I was not able to find one on Hugging Face, Kaggle, or in the liter
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Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
The Architecture of Speed: How XGBoost Scaled Tree Boosting to the Moon
In the world of machine learning, few algorithms have achieved the “rockstar” status of XGBoost. Since its release, it has become the… Continue reading on Mediu
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