Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

19,885
lessons
Skills in this topic
View full skill map →
ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data
All Reads (11,570) Articles (5112)Blog Posts (2348)Tutorials (1012)Research Papers (2740)News (358)
Python for Data Science — Sampling and Why Your Conclusions Can Be Wrong
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1h ago
Python for Data Science — Sampling and Why Your Conclusions Can Be Wrong
In the previous article, we discussed probability distributions and how they help us understand the behavior of data. Continue reading on Medium »
From a Student Project to an ICML Spotlight
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3h ago
From a Student Project to an ICML Spotlight
Hi! I’m Fedor Velikonivtsev, a Senior Researcher at Yandex Research, where I lead a team focused on efficient GPU computing. Continue reading on Yandex »
Queue Position Estimation Under Partial Order Book Visibility for a Polymarket Trading bot
Dev.to · Mateosoul 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3h ago
Queue Position Estimation Under Partial Order Book Visibility for a Polymarket Trading bot
In modern prediction markets and high-frequency trading systems, understanding your true position in...
AI Training Data Services: The Complete Enterprise Guide to Building Accurate AI Models (2026)
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
AI Training Data Services: The Complete Enterprise Guide to Building Accurate AI Models (2026)
A practical guide for CTOs, AI product leaders, machine learning engineers, data scientists, and enterprise AI teams evaluating… Continue reading on Medium »
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Learn what features and labels are, how they differ, and why they are essential for training supervised machine learning models. Continue reading on Medium »
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Learn what features and labels are, how they differ, and why they are essential for training supervised machine learning models. Continue reading on Medium »
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
Machine Learning Concepts Explained #4: Features and Labels
Learn what features and labels are, how they differ, and why they are essential for training supervised machine learning models. Continue reading on Medium »
From Satellite Images to Smarter Air Quality Predictions: The Story Behind AIRSENSE
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
From Satellite Images to Smarter Air Quality Predictions: The Story Behind AIRSENSE
How we combined satellite imagery, meteorological data, and ground observations to estimate air quality across Mumbai Continue reading on Medium »
Bir AI Engineer Mülakatına Girmeden Önce Bilmeniz Gereken 5 Temel Konu
Medium · RAG 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 9h ago
Bir AI Engineer Mülakatına Girmeden Önce Bilmeniz Gereken 5 Temel Konu
Mülakatlarda sizden beklenen temel AI kavramları Continue reading on Medium »
How I deployed a GraphSAGE fraud detection API on AWS EC2
Dev.to · Spandan Das 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 10h ago
How I deployed a GraphSAGE fraud detection API on AWS EC2
I recently built and deployed a real-time fraud detection API using GraphSAGE GNNs — live at...
How to Learn Anything on Your Own: The Ultimate Self-Study Blueprint
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 11h ago
How to Learn Anything on Your Own: The Ultimate Self-Study Blueprint
Every skill you admire in someone else was learned at some point . nothing comes naturally. Schools give you a fixed curriculum and… Continue reading on Medium
From Pandas to PyTorch: The Python Libraries That Made Me Better at AI
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 11h ago
From Pandas to PyTorch: The Python Libraries That Made Me Better at AI
The biggest improvements in my AI skills didn’t come from learning more algorithms, they came from mastering the right Python libraries. Continue reading on Sta
From Pandas to PyTorch: The Python Libraries That Made Me Better at AI
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 11h ago
From Pandas to PyTorch: The Python Libraries That Made Me Better at AI
The biggest improvements in my AI skills didn’t come from learning more algorithms, they came from mastering the right Python libraries. Continue reading on Sta
LeetCode no 1. Two Sum: The Problem That Starts Every DSA Journey
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 13h ago
LeetCode no 1. Two Sum: The Problem That Starts Every DSA Journey
If you’ve heard of LeetCode before, there’s a 110% chance you know this problem, it’s the very first one. My DSA journey started here too… Continue reading on M
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 14h ago
CentryAI
CentryAI Technical Analysis CentryAI is a no-code AI platform designed to simplify the development and deployment of machine learning models. The platform provi
# Engineering Log #03 — The honest asterisk got cashed in (product F1 0.887), and the model finally became a product
Dev.to · yubin hong 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 15h ago
# Engineering Log #03 — The honest asterisk got cashed in (product F1 0.887), and the model finally became a product
A build-in-public engineering log. Every number below is pulled straight from the test reports —...
Part-05 Performance Tuning & Optimization: The Production Secret Sauce
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 15h ago
Part-05 Performance Tuning & Optimization: The Production Secret Sauce
Why your Spark jobs are slow — and how to make them fly. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 15h ago
AI Bisa Membantu Forecasting Penjualan, Ini Cara Menggunakannya
Kesalahan dalam memprediksi penjualan dapat berdampak besar bagi bisnis, mulai dari kelebihan stok hingga kehilangan peluang penjualan. Continue reading on Medi
The Hidden Geometry Of Space
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
The Hidden Geometry Of Space
How Manifolds Reveal The Shape Of Curved Worlds, Moving Systems, And Modern Data Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
Building a Public Financial ML Lab Without Exposing a Trading Strategy
How I separate production ML engineering proof from private trading logic. Continue reading on Medium »
Conformal intervals under a log transform: the blow-up isn't a back-transform bug
Dev.to · Whatsonyourmind 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
Conformal intervals under a log transform: the blow-up isn't a back-transform bug
Someone log-transforms their target, fits a model, wraps it in conformal prediction,...
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
Solving Hard Problems at the Research–Engineering Boundary: Methodology for Frontier Machine…
The hardest problems in frontier ML are not intellectual puzzles solvable at a whiteboard but empirical, systems-level problems whose… Continue reading on Mediu
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
how to solve hard technical problems at the boundary between research and engineering?
scaling experiments, improving training reliability, debugging distributed systems, reducing latency and cost, and making new capabilities… Continue reading on
Moving to Airflow 3 on MWAA: Three Problems We Hit and How We Fixed Them
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
Moving to Airflow 3 on MWAA: Three Problems We Hit and How We Fixed Them
Recently, our team moved to Apache Airflow 3 on Amazon MWAA to take advantage of its improved security posture and newer runtime support… Continue reading on Me
A Million-Token Window Isn’t a Million Tokens of Memory
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago
A Million-Token Window Isn’t a Million Tokens of Memory
Context windows now run to millions of tokens, yet reliability decays as the window fills, so inside a single run, the capacity you paid… Continue reading on St
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 18h ago
Statistical Estimation — Deep Dive + Problem: Longest Consecutive Sequence
A daily deep dive into foundations topics, coding problems, and platform features from PixelBank . Topic Deep Dive: Statistical Estimation From the Probability
I Thought I Was Learning. Turns Out, I Was Just Compressing PDFs Into My Brain.
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 19h ago
I Thought I Was Learning. Turns Out, I Was Just Compressing PDFs Into My Brain.
A few days ago, I stumbled upon a quote by Richard Feynman. Continue reading on Medium »
Reddit r/deeplearning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
Deep Dive: Why Post-LayerNorm Crashes Big Models (And the Bare-Metal Math of Pre-LN Identity Highways)
submitted by /u/Secret-Number7350 [link] [comments]
The Efficiency Revolution: Why Smaller AI Models Are Winning
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
The Efficiency Revolution: Why Smaller AI Models Are Winning
Bigger is no longer better. Here is what the shift to efficient AI means for developers with limited compute including most of Africa. Continue reading on Mediu
From a Single Line to a Universal Function Machine: How Feedforward Networks Work
Dev.to · Fahim Uddin 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
From a Single Line to a Universal Function Machine: How Feedforward Networks Work
In the last post, we talked about 2012 — the year deep learning stopped being an academic curiosity...
The Model Context Protocol in Python
Dev.to · Puneet Gupta 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 22h ago
The Model Context Protocol in Python
What MCP is, why it exists, and how to build a minimal tool server and a client that consumes it in Python — with an honest look at when the protocol earns its
Experiment tracking is a dashboard problem. Until it isn't.
Dev.to · Renato Marinho 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 22h ago
Experiment tracking is a dashboard problem. Until it isn't.
Stop manually hunting for hyperparameters in dashboards. Connect Claude or Cursor directly to Comet ML via MCP to audit experiments, retrieve real-time metrics,
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 23h ago
We Gave Our Engineering Team a Memory — Here’s How PRECOG Uses Cognee
Building Predictive Engineering Intelligence for the Cognee X We Make Dev Hackathon 2026 Continue reading on Medium »
Delete the backend: shipping v0.5 of a CRDT relay where the server can't read your data
Dev.to · Nishant Bhatte 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 23h ago
Delete the backend: shipping v0.5 of a CRDT relay where the server can't read your data
Yjs, Automerge, and Loro are excellent CRDT libraries — but they leave the server problem to you. You...
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
# A 94% pass rate hid a PII leak in 6 test cases
Our eval dashboard said 94%. Green checkmark, merge button unlocked, everyone moved on. Three days later a customer forwarded us a transcript where our support
Day 98 of Learning MERN Stack
Dev.to · Ali Hamza 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Day 98 of Learning MERN Stack
Hello Dev Community! 👋 It is officially Day 98 of my 100-day full-stack engineering track! 🎯 We are...
CLM Series/Chapter-9: Carrying Uncertainty — What the Machine Cannot Do
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
CLM Series/Chapter-9: Carrying Uncertainty — What the Machine Cannot Do
CLM Series — Chapter 9 / 50 Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Day 28 Part 3: predict_batch() Done, DB Indexes In, Cache Fixed — Numbers Are Moving
The three highest-impact optimizations are implemented and measured: predict_batch() with feature vector reuse collapsed… Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Day 28 Part 3: predict_batch() Done, DB Indexes In, Cache Fixed — Numbers Are Moving
The three highest-impact optimizations are implemented and measured: predict_batch() with feature vector reuse collapsed… Continue reading on Medium »
Math Homework: Step-by-Step Solver & Scanner
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Math Homework: Step-by-Step Solver & Scanner
AI Homework Assistant Core Features Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Enterprise Synthetic Data Generation for enterprises
💡 Key Highlights Enterprise Synthetic Data Generation for Enterprises : This article delves into the world of synthetic data generation, providing a comprehens
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Enterprise Synthetic Data Generation consulting
💡 Key Highlights Enterprise Synthetic Data Generation : A cutting-edge approach to creating realistic and diverse data sets for machine learning model training
The Mean Is Lying to You: Benchmarks Hide the Variance That Breaks Prod
Dev.to · AI Explore 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Mean Is Lying to You: Benchmarks Hide the Variance That Breaks Prod
Benchmarks report averages over fixed test sets. Production failures live in the variance and the tails. Those are two different problems.
TraceTree: Mapping malware behavior to catch supply chain attacks
Dev.to · Tejas 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
TraceTree: Mapping malware behavior to catch supply chain attacks
We just released an important update: retraining our Random Forest model on real malware behavior...
Why We're Stuck With GPUs This Long?
Dev.to · Rooted 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Why We're Stuck With GPUs This Long?
I'm probably not the only one who checks every few months whether a GPU alternative has finally...
The One Picture That Finally Makes
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The One Picture That Finally Makes
Eigenvectors Click Continue reading on Medium »
Reddit r/MachineLearning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Is machine learning research worth it for now? [D]
I am a scientist who just applied machine learning to my research (JEPA/Representation/Geometric branch) and it did wonder! Allowed me to see so many papers tha
10 Python Libraries That Make You Dangerous as a Solo Developer
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
10 Python Libraries That Make You Dangerous as a Solo Developer
The fewer people on your team, the more these libraries start to feel like unfair advantages. Continue reading on Stackademic »