SQL Full Course 2026 | SQL Tutorial For Beginners | SQL Data Manipulation Tutorial | Simplilearn

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to work with data in a database and manipulate it using SQL but felt overwhelmed by the complexity? Well, you're at the right place. This video will take you from a complete beginner to confidently using SQL for data acquisition and manipulation. Hey everyone, welcome to this course on data acquisition and manipulation with SQL. So, in this video, we will start with the basics and start working our way up to more advanced techniques. You will learn everything from writing simple queries to working with complex joins and conditional logic. Now, what makes this video different? Most SQL courses out there are either too expensive or way too complicated. But in this video, we will break it down in a very simple, understandable way. And by the end, you will be able to write SQL queries, manipulate data, and even perform complex operations like joins, aggregations, and handing null values all for free. So, let's look at the agenda for this video. First we will start with the basics that is what is SQL, how does it work and how do you set up your environment. We'll also cover simple SQL commands like select from order by and fetch and organize your data. Second we will dive into data types and filtering where you will learn how to use filter data using the wear clause apply comparison operators format your code for better readability. We'll look at functions like concat reverse to manipulate strings and handle null values in your data sets. Fourth, we will cover aggregation and conditional logic. You will master grouping data with group by filtering aggregated data with having and using if and case for conditional logic in your queries. And fifth, we will get into joins and advanced queries. We will show you how to combine data from multiple tables using inner join, left, right join, and even advanced joins like self and cross join. We also explore the union operator to merge results from multiple queries. So this video is packed with all the SQL skills you need to start working with real world data. So without any further ado, let's get started. Now before we move on, here's a quick information. If you are interested in becoming a professional in the world of data, then you should definitely check out this course. Data analyst masters program by simply learn. Now this course is specifically designed to help you focus on Tableau, which is one of the most powerful tools for creating visual stories and interactive dashboards. So whether you're a beginner or looking to upgrade your skills, our syllabus covers everything you need to know. You will start with the basics of Excel, SQL, move on to Python, R programming, and master advanced data visualization. The biggest advantage of this program is that it's not just about theory. You will be working on real world projects like crime analytics, sales tracking. Plus, when you finish, you won't just have new skills. You will earn industry recognized master certificate from SimplyLearn and official certificate from Microsoft. This is your chance to join in a field that is adding millions of new jobs. So, what are you waiting for? Hurry up and enroll now. You can find the course link below. Now, before we get started, here's a quick quiz question for you. What does the SQL command select do? Deletes data from a table, retrieves data from a table, updates data or creates a new table. Leave your answers in the comment section below. Now, let's get started. Shutam. I have been associated uh with simply and I have been in this industry for now more than 11 years. I have been in corporate training and consultation. So far I have taken uh I have been with more than 55 plus organizations majorly for corporate trainings. I take corporate trainings in MS Office 365 applications uh office productivity skills basically and with that I have transitioned myself five years before into PowerBI Tableau and data science. So this is a short introduction about me and we are here together uh for data acquisition manipulation using SQL. First is first we'll get introduced to SQL here and then we will learn about what we have in the course. Right. So in the course here what we are going to learn in the entire course we will go ahead and uh learn about what are data types. We'll also see what is data, what is database. We have to go ahead and understand here about database context here. Plus we will understand about few more concept of DBNS like normalization and other efficiency skills. However, within this course we are also going to look into select uh query that means what SQL can do. So within SQL, what is SQL? Why are we using it and we will learn all everything from very beginning on how to extract a data on how to create a database till the Windows functions. So we are going to cover the entire SQL in upcoming sessions. First before we simply deep dive into what is SQL there are few terminologies that we need to clear out so that all everyone is on the same page. So uh let's go through some terminologies and then we will come back again and we'll first we have to understand what is database. We have to also understand why do we need it. Okay. What is data according to information? All right. raw facts, collection of information, set of information, specific format, set of information. So basically we are saying that uh data is information correct. So if I go ahead and write some things here is this data. It is data. There are some numbers. There are some text. But does this make any sense? So what is data? In very simple words, in a very very simple words, data is structured information saved in a proper format. Saved in a proper format. Format can be anything. That format can be uh CSV, that format can be txt. But it has to be some format so that the context is also clear. Okay? It can be Excel also. It can be in uh JSON also. can be anything. So there are many formats that we can go ahead and open. It can be saved in multiple different formats there. Now that's a simple uh structure or definition of data. Then what is data bas? Data refers to collection of facts, figures or symbols. It can be processed and analyzed to extract useful information. So now here if this is data and we are seeing that we are saving that data in a proper structured format. It can be any uh CSV text file or Excel file or it is saved in a table anything there in in under any object. So what is meant by database? What is a database available and why do we need it? Data is stored multiple data system where data has stored amount of data storing facility of data where data is organized and can be referred to when data where collection of structured data is stored. Okay. So we are saying here where all information has been collected. So basically we are saying that that there is a proper base inside this we are going ahead and uh saving our data set right. So let's understand it one by one. Data here is packed. It can be a fact. It can be numbers. It can be any other form of information an image text icon pictures anything. Right? They are generally structured in a specific way or stored even for a particular purpose. You cannot simply go ahead and store any random information together is to be stored for a particular purpose too. Now this data here when it is in one single file let's say there is one CSV here then we are good that that one CSV is saved in our system in some folder there. Even now if in your system you have multiple folders everyone you have got multiple files maybe those are word files, powerpoints, pdfs, excel files they are all saved for a particular purpose in a certain folder. Yes. So basically what you do here in your own system is you go ahead you manage it organize it and accordingly time to time you alter it and you change it update it correct and you keep on adding more data into it as required. So in the similar sense here this entire system or the folder that you have within your system you can call this also a database right we can call that also a database why because database here is just a structured collection of data that is generally stored on a computer so that we can access it manage it and update it easily. So that becomes a database. However, within the database, if we go ahead and refer our own systems as database here because it fits the definition here, is it easy to go ahead and find two connected files if they are in absolutely two different drives? We know that logic that how these two files are connected to each other. For example, your salary slips and your tax returns, they are connected to each other, but definitely they will be in two different folders, two separate folders, right? There your investment details are in another folder. your salary slip in another folder. But you do know that that these two things are connected to each other. Logical. So that is not very easily managed. Exits are organized because all logic is in our minds right now. Okay. That is why we have multiple different type of database management system. in database management systems here. These are the systems specifically designed just to manage, organize and uh collect the data there and to ensure that multiple users can easily access it without even touching the data there. So if we are modifi if someone else is modifying the data multiple users can access it, extract the data too. Plus while modifying and updating the data this particular data management system makes that data is consistent where data has validated properly and plus the correct data is getting uploaded. So all of this can be done within that management system there. So database definition you all are absolutely correct. So what is DBMS? Um management system they have created in which they're saving that this data set and still and working on extraction modifying updating the data set there. So within the database now we agree that there are multiple data set. Now the problem here is why do we need database system here? Whenever we create a database system there are few things that are very very important here. So for example right now you have files in your system right so let's say you have got two files in your office laptop one is for employees and one is for department and these are two separate excel excel files excel workbooks so if I will ask you that can you go ahead and get me the marketing manager personal details how will you find it so I understand the question again let's say you have got two excel sheets okay on your system right now let's say two excel workbooks Here one is have employee details and one has department details and if I ask you here that can you go ahead and get me in personal info personal info like personal info here of marketing manager how will you get it what we have to do because we have to go ahead and figure out who the person is and employee details let's imagine here okay we have the personal employee details data separate only with the employee ID So we have to go ahead and open the two Excel sheets in front of us and we have to first figure out any department details. We'll go ahead and filter out any manager or wherever the marketing manager is. We have to go ahead and filter that out. Once we filter that person out, we check for the employee ID. Once we have the person's employee ID, we go back to employee details. We filter out that employee ID and then we get the details out of that. So either we do it manually or we apply VLOOKUP or anything. We have to go ahead and merge both the tables together or at least open them together since we cannot merge the data is huge. Okay. So you have to go ahead and we are talking about Excel workbook. So nothing like that will happen. We are in the Excel workbooks right now in the exam. Right? So this is how it doesn't happen. This is why they came up with that this file management system is not working. Okay. With it is uh here there are two very important things here. First retrieving the data is uh the huge limitation here is retrieving of the data set. If I want to go ahead and retrieve the data, it is very very difficult. If we are saving the entire organization's data into Excel files only in some shared drive only then we had no idea okay how people who is getting who is updating the data set how many people are updating the data set right so in that case here we have too many limitations the first point is there is no security okay because it is in a shared drive all the excel files are there for finance for marketing for digital marketing for HR so first of Security is not there and if a new joining join if new person joins an organization they go back and update its data set in their HR file someone is manually doing it. So when is manually going ahead and updating the data set and only not one person is responsible for that. So if there are multiple people there there are chances that we are going to have multiple duplicate data set. If I'm saving employee ID, employee name, employee last name, employee phone number, email id. So if I have employee personal details that will be there also. If I have employee uh work details, I have to keep their contact details there also in case we have to go ahead and contact them. So like this there will be lot of duplicate data there and like this there will be more limitations here. That is why they came up with DBMS that is database management system. It was an entirely different type of a system. Inside the system, each table was saved as an object called as uh each data was saved as an object called as table and that table was made with rows and columns. Now you must be thinking that why are you telling us about table? We know how a table looks like. I'm sure about that. Let's learn a little bit more about it. what we call as a table. Technically a data is called as a table structure that we are saving it in a table structure only when it has rows and columns both. Plus the first row will always be called as a header. First row has to be a header and each column header should have its own data type. If it is a number, it has to be a number. If it's a date, it has to be a date or from first row till the end. And when we are reading this data set or this table here, we will read it from top to bottom always. Right? So that is DBMS. Now DBMS has just one problem. Okay? It has eradicated data validation issues. It has eradicated data consistency issues because now we can have security because we securing on the uh row level there. We are securing on the table level there. We are good. We can give access to the people we want to. that was good with DBMS. However, they had one uh huge problem that these tables were a standalone tables. They were not connected to each other at all. So, if there is one table saved inside the object, I can go ahead and extract table from there. However, I those are not connected to each other. So, employee table is not connected to department, department is not connected to customer or the vendor table. There is no common key between them at all. So that so when they faced this issue here they came up with relational database. They came up with relational database. Now they understood that that see if we need to have a table okay we need to go ahead and connect these tables too. So only keeping in table structure is not working for us. Since databases scaling every day we need to go ahead and connect multiple detailed tables with each other. But how do we connect them with each other? they go ahead and they connect them based on common columns. So if we had a department table, let's say if we had a department table like this, if we had a department table like this, we will make sure that we will go ahead and add employee ID. So this employee ID will act as a key or a common column. If I added a employee ID here that this person's employee ID is uh let's say 101 maybe this person's employee ID here is 103 106 and likewise okay so we can go ahead and we have to go ahead and update the employee ID right here after this here if now what do we connect it with now we can easily connect it with the employee table why because employee table is also going to have the employee ID now this becomes easier Now I don't have to go find and put it in. So this is relational database. In relational database okay we will go ahead and connect the multiple tables with based on common columns. If common column is there good. If it is not there we go ahead and we create the relationships by creating the keys. Right? So this becomes relational database. Now these databases nowadays are very very different types. One of the types here is MySQL. Okay, we are going to learn with MySQL. We'll see that right now. This is called as relational database where we have the common columns and we connect them together. So let's see different type of databases that exist nowadays. Nowadays things have changed because a database here like relational database it can save only date, numbers and text. That's it. If the data is within that a database can easily save it in a tabular structure. Right? So one how many types of databases we have here. First we have DBMS. Now we have relational database here. This is the first year. Then we have NoSQL database here. Then here is graph database. Then we have centralized database and distributed database. Now you must be wondering why I'm writing first, second, third here but I'm writing first and second right here again because these are uh databases of different types based on different uh bases here. So relational, nosql and graph database here these three databases are differentiated based on type of data we are seeing inside it. These are based on type of data we see inside it. And these here are these are based on these distributed centralized this is based on location. This is based on location of data. Location of database. This is based on location or you can say type of location. So let's go ahead and what is relational database? What is NoSQL and graph. So as I have just explained to you. Okay. What is relational database? Everyone is a collection of the objects, data objects. We are not calling them tables here. We are saying these are data objects which are structured into tables. Okay, they are linked together with predefined relationship. What is a predefined relationship here? Common columns, right? And of course uh sometimes rows are also called as records. Columns are called as attributes here. And each attribute has one single type of data type and that is fine with us. We have already seen that in table structure. Plus we will create the keys and the common columns to establish the relationship. This is the most common type of database here and these are the two examples. MSQL, MySQL, Postgrade, SQL 2. Now next here is next here is NoSQL database. What is a NoSQL database everyone? Um since the social media okay after 2010 it has uh scaled up uh to the data that they started collecting. Okay. It has been scaled up to billions now at that time only. So these social media websites they have data set like not only your email id and passwords and the band details meaning not only number alpha numeric date and text. They also have now your images. They have got podcast some audio clips videos and comments blogs articles entire web pages out there. So now we have non-tabable databases. The thing that we can the databases that cannot be stored in a just a table there. So they came up with NoSQL here and uh these now stored as JSON documents not just JSON documents. These are Java script object notation documents. They are written differently. They are programmed differently. If you will look at them okay it looks like curly brackets and lot of and lot of commas and colons but the heral data and a huge data can be saved in a very very small amount. So JSON documents here okay they are classified into several categories like data models document key values by columns and graph databases no SQL databases are scalable easily scalable. Now if there is any kind of social media application right JavaScript object notation I will write it down here it's like we have Excel files right I will show you a file here so this is JavaScript object notation file it is like excel CSV JSON okay goj JSON you might have heard of that too so these are kind of the extensions of the data set it is a different kind of format it is written with a lot of semicolons and u very easy to define and we have inside it. I'll show you an example later. So this NoSQL database can save pictures and pixels. It can identify that too. Right? So NoSQL database examples here are MongoDB, Amazon, Dynamo, Apache, uh HBase. If you have heard of Hadoop, it is also linked together with this only. So when you we have these kind of data and we want to save that, we don't save it in uh Oracle or MySQL. We go ahead to NoSQL databases. Then we have got graph database to understand graph database here whenever you go to LinkedIn right u and you are looking at somebody's profile does that tell you that uh whoever has visited this profile have also visited these profiles or these are the mutual con connections you have this is your first connection this is your second level connection this is your three plus level connection have you ever noticed that on LinkedIn how do you think they're saving the data set with them so let's say if this is you okay you have got let's say thousand connections there. This is you. Now you have thousand connections here. Now all of these connections here how do they know which is falling on a second level, first level uh second level or first level. If anything new is coming up, new one, new person is coming up. They also know that they are connected to each other. They know that whoever the next person, a new person is coming up, this person has mutual connections with you. Meaning this person's network is coinciding with you. And this person of course has its own network again uh first level, second level. Is it possible to save it in uh in an Excel type of file? Okay. Where if you try to do that there will be lot of redundancy reputation every time because if you are saving one person's network is it possible to save one person's network? How many people are there on LinkedIn and they're all connected to each other? So saving this in any kind of format is very difficult and of course it is uh a huge data set there. So what they do is they use graph database. describe database okay they use uh graph structures okay which has nodes edges attributes parent and child relationships and likewise so that's how they go ahead and so that is graph database we are not going to work on we are going to work on uh DBMS we are going to work on relational database only right we going to work on this and we are going to learn with MySQL now let's talk about what is centralized and what is decentralized so what is centralized data here as it is said that it is stored located changed maintained at a single location such as a mainframe computer. So there is a mainframe computer a huge computer those who are from the nontech background it's a huge computer okay it is kind of a server physically with all the hardware connected with it and it is somewhere located at one single place now everyone who works in the organization they don't have to be at exactly that location okay with the help of internet here they can go ahead and access uh access whatever data they want from here okay so this is called a centralized database do you think it is going to have any difficulties or uh some limitations here. There are advantages, clear advantages that is going to be low cost, easy maintenance. But what are the limitations? Yes, we are storing the data here. Entire data is stored here at one place. Uh yes, if we have to scale the data, we have to make sure that our hardware can handle that. Correct. both may know if I have one computer I will place it at one geographical location right it is not going to be costly yes if it gets corrupted or slowed down entire organizations uh will be like server is down today we are not able to do the work yes it is easier to secure the data because it is just one single place it is easier to manage the data too because it is just one single place but if anything happens here or the server slows down okay we are going to face that difficulty quite often If the data is scaling rapidly, right? If there are too many people trying to access the same thing here and the hardware is not designed for that much scale or for that many people at once, it is going to lag. It can be slower in fetching the data too. And if it gets corrupted, our backup is still in this main frame here. So it will go ahead. So we uh we are at a risk of losing it, but we always have a backup. Okay. So this is the centralized database and most of the organization most of the organization will be having the centralized database only all the organization that we usually see they work with centralized database only because it is easy to access and handle and scale. Now after centralized database here we have the distributed database. What is distributed database here? Okay, it is the collection. It is the unified collection of linked database that are physically dispersed across multiple location. So here it is saying that they have distributed the database at the multiple physically multiple locations here but they are still connected with the computer network and they do have databases inside. They will have the databases saved inside it and since it is RDBMS everything will be connected to each other. Now what happens when uh the database is like that? Now when we have the users here, when we have the users here, they can still go ahead and connect with the data set. Okay, by using the servers but yes of course they will be distributed to as per their requirement as per the requirement access permission and job roles they will can go ahead and access the data accordingly. Now what are the limit? What are the advantages or limitations do you feel will be there? Network dependency it was in high cost maintenance that's correct it may be faster yes data security is the issue you have to maintain it at all the levels and you need now a bigger team to handle all the physical locations too but if there is a huge data they cannot save it at one single place they will disperse it across the locations Google uses that Google uses the distributed data based system of different database style yes and scaling is easier meaning for to scale up they don't have to add keep adding up too much hardware or systems it will be easier so now we here understand that these are the different type of databases here what we are going to work with we are going to work with RDBMS here RDB RDBMS is the most sought why because most of the organizations data is uh that they want to analyze is date numbers and text so RDBMS is best right and Plus it is a simple mainream computer we can connect it with local internet and we can uh connect with it easily. So that is the most sought after but yes with the uh need of in social networking systems and too much different types of data set they might need to scale up to no SQL or cloud database. Very good. So the question here is the system is characterized by having its data structured logically interconnected physically distributed over several sites within a computer network. As it says here distributed okay this is the key that we need. So the answer will be C. Now let's go ahead and understand about SQL. What is SQL? We will deep dive into what is DBMS and R DBMS. So first here is SQL. So let's go ahead and part this SQL first in SQL is the language. What is language? So the any language. So this is a language through which we ask something. What do we understand that now? Now now here is it is a language through which we ask something. Since this is a language, it has to has its rules and grammars. Right? This is why it is a structure. So it will have its own rules and regulations that we follow while talking to each other. We do go ahead and we follow those rules while talking that how would you make a sentence which are the vocabulary that you have to go ahead and keep it with you. Right? So structured query language. So it is a query language a language that has been created to ask the questions to the database and retrieve the data that you want or if you want to maintain the data set you go ahead and you simply ask the questions to the system there. Remember that it is not a programming language. What is a programming language? We create something new there. We program something new there. So we're not asking or creating something new out there or the entire structure of something. No, a structure is already there. We are simply going ahead and retrieving the data from there and that's it. Okay. So a structured query language here means we are using a language which has which has its own rules, regulations and vocab and using that language we are talking to the machine and asking the questions to it. That's it. that is SQL a structured query language. Yes, absolutely correct. Now let's understand here what SQL can do. SQL can perform in a if we say here it can go ahead and perform the operations like create, read, update and delete. These are the operations that we can perform with SQL. What we are creating here, we can create a database inside the hardware structure that we have available. We can uh create a table. We can insert the values inside it. We can if you want to update it, if you want to alter it in some way, you want to delete that structure or uh a row or maybe I want to update some data set inside it. Now when we are modifying and saving data inside it, once it is done, it is my part. Another person who want to simply extract the data and analyze the data, that person will be reading that data. So while reading reading the data, again we will have multiple steps to follow. So this is the CRUD here and this is how we can read the data here. So these are the four operations basic four operations here. Now MySQL is a language. It is not only used at one SQL is not a language that we use only within one single database. Okay. It has multiple uses across multiple applications and platforms. And why we are learning via MySQL? Because MySQL is free to use. Second, it is the easiest uh way to learn SQL. If you learn the fundamentals here, you will be able to adapt to any changes that you find in MSQL, Oracle, PL/SQL or Snowflake as you will move forward. Right? So the fundamentals remain same. It is an open-source uh system here. Okay? And it is easier to use a very very simple graphic user interface that's why we'll use this here. Okay. So now let's understand difference between DBMS and RDBMS. It stores data as a file. uh we know that right now RDBMS here stores data in uh the form of the tables. Now uh RDBMS can have multiple users. We can connect the tables with common columns that are the foreign keys and the primary keys there and it is easy research in RDBMS and all of that is not present in DBMS here. Data pitching is slower and so we have already been through that. Now a quick check again which system is considered most popular and advanced version of DBMS with examples like MySQL, Oracle and MSQL. As we've just discussed it is our DBMS here right I hope you are on your LMS portal. In your LMS portal on the right hand side when you click on self learning here on the right hand side you'll find us uh find a vertical menu card. Okay in your vertical menu card you can see all the lessons that we are going to cover. You can see all the lessons that we are going to cover. Okay. So as you can see we are going to cover uh right now we were having introduction then we start working with the database and tables within that also what we are going to go through different type of commands you can see here and then we will see how to work with the operators constraints and everything else. There are multip uh there are everything defined here what we are going to cover with the topics and subtopics. First here is first here is look at in instructor slides. These are all the powerpoints you will see me download using in in the class. Then here you have two types of practices. What are these two type of practices here? First here we have practice project and then we have here guided practices. You also have demos, right? What are these demos? These demos are the ones that are used inside the slides. So when you go through the slides here you will see that they are doing some small activities within the slides and there are few queries written there. So on what particular in lesson which particular data set has been used to write that query you can go ahead and find it from here. Now you have guided practice folders here. Guided practice are lesson wise folders given to you and the practice projects that you see here. These are the uh these are the projects lesson end project. So once your entire lesson is completed for example you have learned about all these small commands still here right so the lesson two practice project is going to contain almost everything from this lesson number two so these are the projects what does these folder uh have these folders have PDF files and uh two PDF files are there first is the problem statement and other is the solution to that solution consists of the screenshots and the explanations for the query now whatever data set has been used in any of these projects here. It will be provided inside the data set folder. Inside data set folder, you're going to find three things, three folders inside it. One data set for demos, one data set for guided practice, one data set for practice project. So this is your reference materials everyone. Now I would like you all to click on live classes. When you click on the live classes here, when you click on the live classes here, I uh you have this uh box right now with today's date. Can you click on the box please? When you click on the box here, you'll find here session materials are written and you will see a list of session materials here. You will see some PDFs. You're going to see YouTube links. Those links that you're looking at, you have to go to the epsilon or the three dots there and copy it and paste it in the next browser. So session materials and reference materials are two separate things. The session materials are the live session materials. Whatever we are using here in the live session of whatever I solve within the live session. Now in the session materials go ahead and find out there is a PDF file one for Mac OS one for Windows. Whenever we talk about data everyone okay so let's say we talk about my SQL now in the myra here when we talk about our DBMS database here it is made up of three entities or you can say three components what are the three components okay one is going to be hardware one is going to be data that we save inside that hardware and uh then we need an application to access whatever objects we have saved inside it so if you talk about like this right so we have software hardware ware and the data. Now these three components require a container a physical container that is hardware application program a software application program which will help us to connect with the hardware and the save data inside. These three components have three types of users too based on data obstruction uh understand data obstruction as a security. So who has how much access to database or individual data tables? First person here is the end user. Who is the end user in server? End user is the person who has the access to data as per the job role. Their main job is to extract the data and create reports. They will be using the minimal coding process and their only job is to extracting the data and making the reports, analyzing the data and then moving on to other applications. These are end users. they work on the external view or the as the end user on the application level. Then the second here are application programmer developers to those we are call them nowadays data engineers right we call them data engineers. What do these people do? They are the persons who will interact with the data directly. These are the persons who will decide how to uh get data inside this uh particular server. How which uh relationship has to be created? What data should be stored? What kind of model should be created? So what kind of schema should be there? This is all decided by the application programmer. This application programmer has got nothing to do with data analysis. They are more concerned about how the data is managed and secured inside the software. Now the person comes third person comes in here that is database administrator. This is the trend in in the entire structure here because this is the person who is responsible for the maintenance, operability, recovery of this entire connection. Meaning the network should work properly, right? It should be operable. So the end users can go ahead and access that and extract the data set. Plus this is the person who will uh give instructions access uh to the user. This person will control the entire data access. So as per the job rule whenever there's a requirement you keep asking for data and they will provide you with the data set or they will give you the access to that part of the database. These people work on internal level. These people work on internal level or physical level creating user ID passwords providing uh and replacing the security levels there. So these are the three type of users here. So now what we what type of which course are we doing everyone? It is concerned with analysis of the data set. This entire program is concerned with the analysis of the data set. You're supposed to analyze the data set. So either you're a data analyst or you're a business analyst or you will move forward to data science. Any one of these three whatever is your upcoming path there. Yes. So who are you? Which user are you? One, two or three. They are the first users. I don't know why you are not sure. Maybe you are uh the experienced professional right there. Okay. And you have worked within mixed job uh roles. That's why you're saying that you are not sure where you are going to go and end up. So if you are from the programming background, you have already been working with APIs and connecting multiple portals and extracting data inside the server, then you will be working as a data engineer, right? However, when you are will join as a data analyst, you will not have the access to SQL at all. Unless you're joining there with the 10 15 years of experience and on a manager level, then you will have the access to all the three levels right there. But uh those who are learning for the first time and you do not have any experience, you will be working only with the analysis and be extracting the data here. Okay. Not the entire team will have the access to it or anyone who joins as a data analyst after this program. Neither they are going to have access to make sure that data is getting there unless yes they join in a job role where they supposed to modify access and make sure data is properly stored there. So now it depends on which job role you go but yes as a data analyst you should know about two things there. First here is uh as a data analyst your first step always to collect the data. You have to uh first figure out as per the objective okay which data tables are required and from where are you going to get those data tables and the required data. Now it can come from one single server or multiple different sources. Once that is done your step number will be now you go ahead you analyze your data set. Maybe you import it into PowerBI. Maybe you're in Tableau. Maybe you want that data in a CSV. You will go ahead and analyze with Excel. So you go ahead and analyze and create your reports and at the end you need to share those reports. Of course you're not creating reports to save it with us. So we go ahead and we share the reports with others. We go ahead and present them to BPMs like the person who take the decisions. Those are the business process managers. However, okay, uh if you are an absolute beginner with no job experience, okay, you might go ahead into the uh into the level where you will be writing the SQL queries, okay, to extract the data right from here or maybe you will be asked to assist in updating and modifying the data if you have been given that permission. Usually, it is not given. Let's talk about our uh here my SQL. Now, I'll say SQL operations. Let's talk about SQL operations, right? uh SQL operations here. What is the first thing that we will learn here? SQL operations here can help us to do four things. What we have learned about those four four things there remember that what were the four things that that SQL operations can do. What were the four operations? So first thing that we see here is so let's talk about read here. Create we understand. Okay, we create a database. We create a table. Okay, it is fine. read is uh read means here that it will help us to fetch or retrieve the data from uh data tables or data set or subset of a data okay from a table inside the database while fetching this data here while retrieving the data here we might want to go ahead and uh give the filter maybe I want to go ahead and only want to view the marketing data set only want to view the last six months data set it means we can go ahead and bring uh I need to filter out the data from the rows right first thing is that second year is maybe I want I don't want all the columns there maybe I want to go ahead and uh only keep the columns that we need right now by uh now after retrieving it or while retrieving it we might want to sort it properly if I want last six months data it has to be sorted in a proper time series or in proper date column so we can go ahead and sort the data too sometimes while sorting the data okay and let's say I have the data here from the casters so what the kind of data we have here we have uh the customer ID what uh product they have bought what is the date and time what amount they have paid any kind of uh coupons were there or the cards were there that we had they have used there so what data I have is just the sales amount data if you want to go ahead and uh I want to calculate profit there I want to calculate what was revenue there if we need more calculations there we can go ahead and add that too so if you want to add any kind of calculated column we can do that if you want to aggregate by anything we can do that. Any kind of mathematical calculations can be done and not only mathematical calculations, we can also go ahead and work with conditional or logical statements too. So this is what we can do with read and more. So we can go ahead and add calculate and aggregate indicator too. Maybe I want to simply see total sales by some country, total sales by product. We can go ahead and create an aggregated reports too. Now when we talk about create here, all right, so within create, what do we create here? We create the databases. We create data tables. We insert data records inside it. Okay. And since we have created those things, we have to manage that too. We update uh the table or the data inside it. We write one on the data. Now to do these all operations here to do to uh do all these operations here, we need some commands right vocabulary. Remember I told you there will be keywords and commands and vocab because it's in a structured language. So to do all of these commands here, what are the types of statements that we will be working on? What are the types of statements? Command groups or types of statements to write these operations and we call them BQL data query language. Data query language here. So the selected statements that you're saying here, right? That is that is meant query language there. Correct? Now this is data query language. It means the keywords that are used to query the uh used to query. Second is data definition language DDL. What is the uh definition here? We are defining the database structure or a schema. What we are doing here? We defining the database structure or schema. Meaning how many number of uh columns we have? How what is the data type of each column? What kind of uh limitation we have to put into that? Is it date? What kind of format? Right. So that is data definition language. Yes. Correct. like create the table, alter the structure of a table, drop the entire uh column from the existence and lot more. Third year is DML. Yes, very good. Third year is DML. What is DML here? Data manipulation language. What does manipulation language will do? It will help us to insert the data, update the rows, delete the rows, maybe merge the data together. This is manipulation. Third here is DCL. Yes, very good. Thank you. We see here is data control language. What is the data control language here? This data control language is going to help us to give access to people, grant permissions, revoke permissions and likewise. This is usually used by the data. The person who is supposed to give permissions, get user ids for everyone else. This is DCL. Then we have one more here that is TCL. TCL is transactional control language. Why transactional control here? What is a transaction? Okay, transaction here is you're trying to update the underlying data. You're trying to modify, delete a column or delete few rows here or you want to add few more rows there and it is not uh done by a single person that's done by the entire team. So the entire team is working on that who is keeping a check on them. Are they doing it correctly? Is it correctly done? Whatever changes they have done it is correct or not. So while doing these kind of transactional queries okay they use TCL with that and uh like these are few examples here like save point roll back and commit meaning save up to a point you should be ready to control Z undo it that is roll back there or commit the change it means completely update whatever data we have done right whatever changes they have done there that is TCL transaction control language of course who uses this your data engineers they are the ones who are responsible for modifying and maintaining the entire data center. Now, so these are the types of commands. Our main focus going to be here. Our main focus is going to be here. Okay. Uh we I can show you few examples at the end. Maybe I will provide you with some examples here. But our main focus is going to be here. Just letting you know, right? So these are the commands here. You will already have Microsoft Windows selected. Yes. Once you have your Microsoft Windows selected here, go ahead and click on download. Select the first one here. Select the first one here. Once you select on the first one here, it takes you to this page here. Right down in this page here, you're supposed to click on no thanks. This start my download. So the one with 2 MB here, I will go ahead and download that one. Once you click on no thanks and start my download, then you can see all the next steps here. Post is custom. You get the server here. Post say they are giving a very good instructions here. You have to click on the plus sign. Then uh you will have the all the versions expanded. Then double click on this. Click on this. Get it on the right hand side here. Then find the workbench. Follow the same instructions. So everything is properly written here. Once you went once you will go through each and everything here, you will have at the end you might see this dialog box. Few of you will see this, few of you will not see this dialog box. So, and you're good with that. Okay. So, you have to click on the plus sign and get the workbench and the server on the right hand side. After the after this here, everyone, you have to simply click on the plus sign here as you can see it clearly. There's a plus sign here. Okay. Everything is properly given here. So, Mino and everyone else just follow the instructions here. It's a really good PDF. It will take you through entire steps. If you face any difficulty, you let me know. So plus plus plus on server. Then once you see the list of server, select the first one and click on the green arrow. Now you click on minus. Then we click on plus on workbench again. Then the list of versions of the workbench will appear and you get the workbench here too. After getting these two here, we click on next. And after that, okay, keep clicking on next. It will take some time to execute. In few of your versions, if you're using Windows 10, it might ask you to get the visuals in here. Microsoft visual there. Agree to the terms and condition and install it. After installation, just keep clicking on next until you reach to the password there. Until you go ahead and reach to the password. About the password here, please let me clarify you. This password is uh not an easy password to recover. It's an open-source application everyone. So the root password please make it uh easy. Okay, that should be in your memory. Write it down somewhere. Write it down somewhere. If you think that you can remember it, okay, you can uh it is not possible to remember this. I would suggest that go with the 1 2 3 4 ab cd or uh quarterty these kind of passwords that you can remember there is nothing to save and secure here. Okay. So keep your root password easy as easy as possible. So that if you uh because it is not just clicking on forget password you get an OTP and it is reset. It is not going to be like that. Once you forget the root password even uninstalling and installing will not help you. You have to go inside it and then change it and update. You cannot recover it. So mak