Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

11,241
lessons
Skills in this topic
View full skill map →
ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 630 reads from curated sources

The most fascinating history of the Monty Hall problem
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The most fascinating history of the Monty Hall problem
How an embarrasingly big amount of mathematicians were wrong Continue reading on Medium »
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
On Solving the Multiple Variable Gapped Longest Common Subsequence Problem
arXiv:2604.18645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper addresses the Variable Gapped Longest Common Subsequence (VGLCS) problem, a generalization of the cla
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Quantum inspired qubit qutrit neural networks for real time financial forecasting
arXiv:2604.18838v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This research investigates the performance and efficacy of machine learning models in stock prediction, comparin
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Here’s why that’s costing you bugs, readability, and sanity. Continue reading on The Pythonworld »
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Here’s why that’s costing you bugs, readability, and sanity. Continue reading on The Pythonworld »
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Here’s why that’s costing you bugs, readability, and sanity. Continue reading on The Python Dispatch »
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Enum Trick Every Python Developer Needs to Master
Here’s why that’s costing you bugs, readability, and sanity. Continue reading on The Python Dispatch »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
(EDA Part-5) Multivariate Analysis — Wrapping Up EDA and What Comes Next
Over the past four parts, we zoomed in on single features ( univariate analysis), then looked at pairs ( bivariate ). Now it’s time for the real fun: multivaria
What Building a Flight Delay Prediction System Taught Me About Real-World Data Science
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
What Building a Flight Delay Prediction System Taught Me About Real-World Data Science
Reflections and lessons from a large-scale team project in the Machine Learning at Scale course at UC Berkeley MIDS Continue reading on Medium »
THE EVALUATION PROBLEM
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
THE EVALUATION PROBLEM
Why You Cannot Trust Your AI System Until You Can Measure It. Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Probability & Statistics — Deep Dive + Problem: Connected Components Labeling
A daily deep dive into foundations topics, coding problems, and platform features from PixelBank . Topic Deep Dive: Probability & Statistics From the Mathem
The Hardware Behind AI: The Hidden Circuit Boards Powering Machine Learning and the Future of…
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Hardware Behind AI: The Hidden Circuit Boards Powering Machine Learning and the Future of…
From GPUs to advanced PCB design, discover the unseen hardware infrastructure that enables AI models, machine learning systems, and… Continue reading on Medium
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Local Model Inference Hardware in 2026: What to Buy, What to Avoid, and Which Models Actually Run Well
Local Model Inference Hardware in 2026: What to Buy, What to Avoid, and Which Models Actually Run Well Running AI models locally has gone from niche hobby to se
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Comparing Statistical and ML Forecasting on Real Sales Data
I expected machine learning models to outperform traditional forecasting on retail sales data. They didn’t. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Comparing Statistical and ML Forecasting on Real Sales Data
I expected machine learning models to outperform traditional forecasting on retail sales data. They didn’t. Continue reading on Medium »
#5.ML vs Traditional Programming
Dev.to · Mr_WlofX 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
#5.ML vs Traditional Programming
Hey, let’s continue with the next topic. So far, we’ve understood what Machine Learning is, why it is...
AWS Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
End-to-end lineage with DVC and Amazon SageMaker AI MLflow apps
In this post, we show how to combine DVC (Data Version Control), Amazon SageMaker AI, and Amazon SageMaker AI MLflow Apps to build end-to-end ML model lineage.
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
By Dhananjay Yadav · Data Analyst II · May 2025 Continue reading on Medium »
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
By Dhananjay Yadav · Data Analyst II · May 2025 Continue reading on Medium »
Mastering Non-Linear Data: Why Splines Outperform Linear Models
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Mastering Non-Linear Data: Why Splines Outperform Linear Models
Learn how to use piece-wise polynomials and knots to build more flexible, disciplined, and accurate machine learning models. Continue reading on Code Applied »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Why ML Models Break After Deployment
Many machine learning models perform great during training—but start failing once they reach production. From my recent learning in MLOps and AI testing, I’ve r
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Is Starting AI and Machine Learning in Your 30s a Smart Move?
Many people worry they missed the boat on tech. They think they are too old to learn new things. If you are in your 30s or 40s, you might… Continue reading on M
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Cloud platforms, digital twins, opponent models. An engineer’s tour of the ML stack now running professional cycling, and the four places… Continue reading on M
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Cloud platforms, digital twins, opponent models. An engineer’s tour of the ML stack now running professional cycling, and the four places… Continue reading on M
How to Compare AI Models Without Getting Fooled by Benchmarks
Dev.to · BenchGecko 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How to Compare AI Models Without Getting Fooled by Benchmarks
Every week a new model drops with a blog post claiming state of the art on some benchmark. But if you...
How Adding One Database Changed Everything: The ChEMBL Integration Story
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How Adding One Database Changed Everything: The ChEMBL Integration Story
Sometimes the biggest improvement in an AI system comes not from a better algorithm, but from better data. Continue reading on Medium »
The PC Algorithm & Constraint-Based Discovery
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
The PC Algorithm & Constraint-Based Discovery
From Data to Causal Structure Continue reading on LICENTIA POETICA »
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Unpacking the theory, practice, and leaderboard dominance of Boosting vs. Stacking and what it means for production ML. Continue reading on Data Science Collect
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Unpacking the theory, practice, and leaderboard dominance of Boosting vs. Stacking and what it means for production ML. Continue reading on Data Science Collect
RS-X 2.0
Dev.to · Robert Sanders 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
RS-X 2.0
RS-X is built around a simple idea: Write expressions against your model, and let updates propagate...
InfoQ AI/ML 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Article: Redesigning Banking PDF Table Extraction: A Layered Approach with Java
PDF table extraction often looks easy until it fails in production. Real bank statements can be messy, with scanned pages, shifting layouts, merged cells, and w
5 Enum Patterns in Python That Most Developers Never Use
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
5 Enum Patterns in Python That Most Developers Never Use
You’re probably still using Enums like glorified constants. Here’s what you’re missing. Continue reading on The Pythonworld »
Day 71 of Learning Java: SortedSet and NavigableSet in Java
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Day 71 of Learning Java: SortedSet and NavigableSet in Java
After learning about different Set implementations, I explored two important interfaces today — SortedSet and NavigableSet. Continue reading on Medium »
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Pertanyaan pertama yang perlu ditanyakan: mana yang lebih berbahaya, FP atau FN? Continue reading on Medium »
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Pertanyaan pertama yang perlu ditanyakan: mana yang lebih berbahaya, FP atau FN? Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Linear Algebra in Deep Learning: How it Drives Real-World Impact
Linear Algebra, as it seems — is associated with abstract mathematics — vectors, matrices, and equations that apparently disconnected from… Continue reading on
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Balancing ‌predictive ‌power ‌with privacy in insurance.
In insurance, the whole engine runs on data, and that data is personal by default. For a project with Sure Tomorrow, I looked at how… Continue reading on Medium
9 Python Concepts That Finally Made Sense Later
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
9 Python Concepts That Finally Made Sense Later
Confusing at first, obvious now. Continue reading on Stackademic »
The production failure opening is the best thing in the article — it immediately separates this…
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
The production failure opening is the best thing in the article — it immediately separates this…
Every churn tutorial starts the same way. Import pandas. Load your CSV. Fit the model. Print 0.89 accuracy. Congratulations, you’ve… Continue reading on Medium
1 — Machine Learning for Beginners, Introduction.
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
1 — Machine Learning for Beginners, Introduction.
Good morning everyone! Continue reading on Medium »
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap: 353 Parameters vs a 3-Parameter Heuristic
Dev.to · Kit Good 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap: 353 Parameters vs a 3-Parameter Heuristic
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap What 208 benchmark runs and four experiments in a...
I Built a $0 Search Engine on Real Web Data (No Algolia or Elasticsearch)
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
I Built a $0 Search Engine on Real Web Data (No Algolia or Elasticsearch)
I got tired of grepping through JSON. So I built a local search index over live Google data using Python, Typesense, and Bright Data —… Continue reading on Pyth
TPU Mythbusting: vendor lock-in
Dev.to · Maciej Strzelczyk 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
TPU Mythbusting: vendor lock-in
Tensor Processing Units are a technology developed and owned by Google. While you can find GPUs in...
Confusion Matrix Explained Using Random Forest
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Confusion Matrix Explained Using Random Forest
When we build a machine learning model especially for classification tasks,we need a way to evaluate its performance. One of the most… Continue reading on Mediu
When Preprocessing Helps — and When It Hurts: Why Your Image Classification Model’s Accuracy Varies
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
When Preprocessing Helps — and When It Hurts: Why Your Image Classification Model’s Accuracy Varies
From 65% to 87% accuracy on CIFAR-10 using Convolutional Neural Networks — and what went wrong along the way. Continue reading on Level Up Coding »
Reddit r/learnprogramming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Can someone without early coding or olympiad background succeed in CS?”
I just came up with a youtube video of a math question that can be solved by a 5th grade chinese student but I couldn't solve that being in 12 th grade. chinese
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Week 4, episode 2 — The Pro-Level AI Playbook Your Python Bootcamp Skipped
Master the three pillars of production deep learning: distributed data, mixed precision, and gradient accumulation. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Why Deep Learning Outperformed Traditional Machine Learning
Continue reading on Medium »