Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 551 reads from curated sources

ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
A Clinical Point Cloud Paradigm for In-Hospital Mortality Prediction from Multi-Level Incomplete Multimodal EHRs
arXiv:2604.04614v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep learning-based modeling of multimodal Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has become an important approach f
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Training-Free Refinement of Flow Matching with Divergence-based Sampling
arXiv:2604.04646v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Flow-based models learn a target distribution by modeling a marginal velocity field, defined as the average of
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Grokking as Dimensional Phase Transition in Neural Networks
arXiv:2604.04655v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural network grokking -- the abrupt memorization-to-generalization transition -- challenges our understandin
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The Infinite-Dimensional Nature of Spectroscopy and Why Models Succeed, Fail, and Mislead
arXiv:2604.04717v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning (ML) models have achieved strikingly high accuracies in spectroscopic classification tasks, o
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Sampling Parallelism for Fast and Efficient Bayesian Learning
arXiv:2604.04736v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning models, and deep neural networks in particular, are increasingly deployed in risk-sensitive d
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Selecting Decision-Relevant Concepts in Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2604.04808v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training interpretable concept-based policies requires practitioners to manually select which human-understand
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Muon Dynamics as a Spectral Wasserstein Flow
arXiv:2604.04891v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gradient normalization is central in deep-learning optimization because it stabilizes training and reduces sen
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Post-detection inference for sequential changepoint localization
arXiv:2502.06096v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper addresses a fundamental but largely unexplored challenge in sequential changepoint analysis
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Causality-Based Scores Alignment in Explainable Data Management
arXiv:2503.14469v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Different attribution scores have been proposed to quantify the relevance of database tuples for query
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Bayesian Hierarchical Invariant Prediction
arXiv:2505.11211v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose Bayesian Hierarchical Invariant Prediction (BHIP) reframing Invariant Causal Prediction (IC
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Understanding Task Representations in Neural Networks via Bayesian Ablation
arXiv:2505.13742v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Neural networks are powerful tools for cognitive modeling due to their flexibility and emergent proper
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
PRISM: Lightweight Multivariate Time-Series Classification through Symmetric Multi-Resolution Convolutional Layers
arXiv:2508.04503v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multivariate time series classification supports applications from wearable sensing to biomedical moni
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Challenges in Deep Learning-Based Small Organ Segmentation: A Benchmarking Perspective for Medical Research with Limited Datasets
arXiv:2509.05892v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate segmentation of carotid artery structures in histopathological images is vital for cardiovasc
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
A fine-grained look at causal effects in causal spaces
arXiv:2512.11919v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The notion of causal effect is fundamental across many scientific disciplines. Traditionally, quantita
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Teaching Machine Learning Fundamentals with LEGO Robotics
arXiv:2601.19376v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper presents the web-based platform Machine Learning with Bricks and an accompanying two-day co
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
ST-BiBench: Benchmarking Multi-Stream Multimodal Coordination in Bimanual Embodied Tasks for MLLMs
arXiv:2602.08392v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced the landscape of embodied AI, yet
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The Malignant Tail: Spectral Segregation of Label Noise in Over-Parameterized Networks
arXiv:2603.02293v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While implicit regularization facilitates benign overfitting in low-noise regimes, recent theoretical
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Hindsight-Anchored Policy Optimization: Turning Failure into Feedback in Sparse Reward Settings
arXiv:2603.11321v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-tra
InfoQ AI/ML 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Pinterest Reduces Spark OOM Failures by 96% Through Auto Memory Retries
Pinterest Engineering cut Apache Spark out-of-memory failures by 96% using improved observability, configuration tuning, and automatic memory retries. Staged ro
InfoQ AI/ML 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Article: A Better Alternative to Reducing CI Regression Test Suite Sizes
How can you focus in a sea of results from a large regression test suite? This article describes a stochastic approach that relies on some degree of redundancy
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
TRACE: Traceroute-based Internet Route change Analysis with Ensemble Learning
arXiv:2604.02361v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Detecting Internet routing instability is a critical yet challenging task, particularly when relying solely on
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Generative models on phase space
arXiv:2604.02415v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep generative models such as diffusion and flow matching are powerful machine learning tools capable of lear
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Self-Directed Task Identification
arXiv:2604.02430v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this work, we present a novel machine learning framework called Self-Directed Task Identification (SDTI), w
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
From Elevation Maps To Contour Lines: SVM and Decision Trees to Detect Violin Width Reduction
arXiv:2604.02446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We explore the automatic detection of violin width reduction using 3D photogrammetric meshes. We compare SVM a
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Managing Diabetic Retinopathy with Deep Learning: A Data Centric Overview
arXiv:2604.02448v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes, and one of the leading causes o
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Sparse Bayesian Learning Algorithms Revisited: From Learning Majorizers to Structured Algorithmic Learning using Neural Networks
arXiv:2604.02513v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse Bayesian Learning is one of the most popular sparse signal recovery methods, and various algorithms exi
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Communication-free Sampling and 4D Hybrid Parallelism for Scalable Mini-batch GNN Training
arXiv:2604.02651v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for learning on graph datasets derived from various real-world sc
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Rethinking Forward Processes for Score-Based Data Assimilation in High Dimensions
arXiv:2604.02889v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data assimilation is the process of estimating the time-evolving state of a dynamical system by integrating mo
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Learning from Synthetic Data via Provenance-Based Input Gradient Guidance
arXiv:2604.02946v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning methods using synthetic data have attracted attention as an effective approach for increasing the div
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
User-Aware Conditional Generative Total Correlation Learning for Multi-Modal Recommendation
arXiv:2604.03014v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-modal recommendation (MMR) enriches item representations by introducing item content, e.g., visual and t
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
f-INE: A Hypothesis Testing Framework for Estimating Influence under Training Randomness
arXiv:2510.10510v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Influence estimation methods promise to explain and debug machine learning by estimating the impact of
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Integrated representational signatures strengthen specificity in brains and models
arXiv:2510.20847v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The extent to which different neural or artificial neural networks (models) rely on equivalent represe
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Infusion: Shaping Model Behavior by Editing Training Data via Influence Functions
arXiv:2602.09987v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Influence functions are commonly used to attribute model behavior to training documents. We explore th
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Discovery of Bimodal Drift Rate Structure in FRB 20240114A: Evidence for Dual Emission Regions
arXiv:2603.18109v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We report the discovery of bimodal structure in the drift rate distribution of upward-drifting burst c
Weekend Project: I Built a Full MLOps Pipeline for a Credit Scoring Model (And You Can Too)
Hackernoon 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Weekend Project: I Built a Full MLOps Pipeline for a Credit Scoring Model (And You Can Too)
A small fintech startup was looking for someone to take their credit scoring model and make it production-ready. The project was more involved than I expected,
Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Linear Regression Is Actually a Projection Problem (Part 2: From Projections to Predictions)
The Vector View of Least Squares. The post Linear Regression Is Actually a Projection Problem (Part 2: From Projections to Predictions) appeared first on Toward
AWS Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Scaling seismic foundation models on AWS: Distributed training with Amazon SageMaker HyperPod and expanding context windows
This post describes how TGS achieved near-linear scaling for distributed training and expanded context windows for their Vision Transformer-based SFM using Amaz
Part 16: Data Manipulation in Data Validation and Quality Control
Towards AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Part 16: Data Manipulation in Data Validation and Quality Control
Author(s): Raj kumar Originally published on Towards AI. Data quality issues are the silent killers of production systems. A single malformed record can crash y
Kafka Has Become the Postgres of Streaming — And That Changes Everything
Hackernoon 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Kafka Has Become the Postgres of Streaming — And That Changes Everything
Kafka has crossed the commodity threshold — reliable, ubiquitous, and no longer a strategic differentiator. Like Postgres before it, Kafka's success is also its
The Machine Learning Stack Is Being Rebuilt From Scratch Here's What Developers Need to Know in 2026
Hackernoon 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The Machine Learning Stack Is Being Rebuilt From Scratch Here's What Developers Need to Know in 2026
The ML stack is being rebuilt. In 2026, developers need to master foundation model routing (frontier vs. efficient), multi-agent orchestration, on-device infere
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Perspective: Towards sustainable exploration of chemical spaces with machine learning
arXiv:2604.00069v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence is transforming molecular and materials science, but its growing computational and dat
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Epileptic Seizure Detection in Separate Frequency Bands Using Feature Analysis and Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals
arXiv:2604.00163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Epileptic seizures are neurological disorders characterized by abnormal and excessive electrical activity in t
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Deep Networks Favor Simple Data
arXiv:2604.00394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Estimated density is often interpreted as indicating how typical a sample is under a model. Yet deep models tr
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Improving Generalization of Deep Learning for Brain Metastases Segmentation Across Institutions
arXiv:2604.00397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background: Deep learning has demonstrated significant potential for automated brain metastases (BM) segmentat
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Towards Initialization-dependent and Non-vacuous Generalization Bounds for Overparameterized Shallow Neural Networks
arXiv:2604.00505v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Overparameterized neural networks often show a benign overfitting property in the sense of achieving excellent
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Representation Selection via Cross-Model Agreement using Canonical Correlation Analysis
arXiv:2604.00921v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern vision pipelines increasingly rely on pretrained image encoders whose representations are reused across
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Flow-based Policy With Distributional Reinforcement Learning in Trajectory Optimization
arXiv:2604.00977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective in addressing complex control and decision-making task
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Bridging Structured Knowledge and Data: A Unified Framework with Finance Applications
arXiv:2604.00987v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop Structured-Knowledge-Informed Neural Networks (SKINNs), a unified estimation framework that embeds