Foundations

Mathematical Foundations

Linear algebra, calculus, probability, statistics and optimisation — the maths behind ML

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lessons
Skills in this topic
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Maths for ML
beginner
Multiply matrices and compute dot products
Probability & Statistics
beginner
Calculate conditional probability and Bayes' theorem
Optimisation
intermediate
Implement gradient descent from scratch
Information Theory
intermediate
Calculate Shannon entropy and cross-entropy loss
All Reads (186) Articles (20)Blog Posts (152)Tutorials (11)Research Papers (3)
Quantum 'Negative Learning': Escaping the Optimization Abyss
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Quantum 'Negative Learning': Escaping the Optimization Abyss
Quantum 'Negative Learning': Escaping the Optimization Abyss Imagine training a complex AI...
Why Your Image Search Sucks (And How ColPali + Multi-Vector Indexing Fixes It)
Dev.to · Linghua Jin 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Why Your Image Search Sucks (And How ColPali + Multi-Vector Indexing Fixes It)
The Problem: Why Traditional Image Search Is Broken If you've ever tried to build an...
Master the Flutter Container: Borders, Shadows & Gradients (2025 Cheat Sheet)
Dev.to · SRF DEVELOPER 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Master the Flutter Container: Borders, Shadows & Gradients (2025 Cheat Sheet)
This cheat sheet was originally published on SRF Developer. Check out the blog for more Flutter...
Beyond Gradient Descent: A New Era of Efficient Global Optimization for AI
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Beyond Gradient Descent: A New Era of Efficient Global Optimization for AI
Beyond Gradient Descent: A New Era of Efficient Global Optimization for AI Tired of your...
Global Optimization: Finding the Needle in a Haystack – Faster by Arvind Sundararajan
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Global Optimization: Finding the Needle in a Haystack – Faster by Arvind Sundararajan
Global Optimization: Finding the Needle in a Haystack – Faster Imagine searching for the...
Beyond Gradients: Democratizing Global Optimization with Adaptive Search
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Beyond Gradients: Democratizing Global Optimization with Adaptive Search
Beyond Gradients: Democratizing Global Optimization with Adaptive Search Tired of getting...
Statistics Day 7 : Hypothesis Testing Made Super Simple
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day 7 : Hypothesis Testing Made Super Simple
Statistics Challenge for Data Scientists Hypothesis testing sounds scary, but it’s basically a math...
Statistics Day 6: Your First Data Science Superpower: Feature Selection with Correlation & Variance
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day 6: Your First Data Science Superpower: Feature Selection with Correlation & Variance
Feature selection is one of the most important steps before building any machine learning model. And...
Statistics Day5: The Super-Simple Guide to Random Variables and Correlation for Data Science Beginners
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day5: The Super-Simple Guide to Random Variables and Correlation for Data Science Beginners
If you’re learning statistics for data science, you’ll hear words that sound very big: random...
Turbocharge Your Bayesian Optimization: Unleashing Parallel Power
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Turbocharge Your Bayesian Optimization: Unleashing Parallel Power
Turbocharge Your Bayesian Optimization: Unleashing Parallel Power Tired of waiting days...
Packing Power: AI Cracks the Sphere Optimization Code
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Packing Power: AI Cracks the Sphere Optimization Code
Packing Power: AI Cracks the Sphere Optimization Code Imagine squeezing the maximum number...
Por que usar Softmax com Categorical Cross-Entropy para o problema da flor íris?
Dev.to · João Pedro V 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Por que usar Softmax com Categorical Cross-Entropy para o problema da flor íris?
Recentemente estava tentando fazer o clássico modelo de rede neural para identificar a espécie de uma...
Statistics Day 4: Z-Score vs Min-Max Normalization — Making Data Fair for ML Models
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day 4: Z-Score vs Min-Max Normalization — Making Data Fair for ML Models
Welcome back to the Statistics Challenge for Data Scientists! Today, we’re learning something that...
C++ Arrays and Vectors: How I understood the Differences
Dev.to · Harold Mudosa 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
C++ Arrays and Vectors: How I understood the Differences
Yearning to become an Unreal Engine and VR developer, I’ve been diving into C++ fundamentals. Coming...
Statistics Day 3: Understanding P-Value — The Heart of Hypothesis Testing
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day 3: Understanding P-Value — The Heart of Hypothesis Testing
Have you ever tried to prove a point to your friends? Maybe you said — “I think this coin is magic!...
Statistics Day 2: Correlation Isn’t Causation — Here’s Why It Matters!
Dev.to · Chanchal Singh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Statistics Day 2: Correlation Isn’t Causation — Here’s Why It Matters!
Welcome to Day 2 of the Statistics Challenge for Data Scientists. In today’s post, we’ll break down...
Performance Optimization: The Basics That Scale
Dev.to · Zacchaeus Bolaji 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Performance Optimization: The Basics That Scale
Most developers wait until performance becomes a problem before doing anything about it. By then,...
Memory in AI Companions: Implementing Vector-Based Long-Term User State
Dev.to · NSFW Coders 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
Memory in AI Companions: Implementing Vector-Based Long-Term User State
When we build conversational agents that users interact with repeatedly, one of the biggest...
How to Build Production-Ready RAG Systems (at Scale, with Low Latency & High Accuracy)
Dev.to · QLoop Technologies 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
How to Build Production-Ready RAG Systems (at Scale, with Low Latency & High Accuracy)
Practical guide to scaling Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems from prototype to production. Covers architecture, vector DB optimization, evaluation, cost-sa
LLMs Whispering Secrets: Vector Translation for AI Communication
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 7mo ago
LLMs Whispering Secrets: Vector Translation for AI Communication
LLMs Whispering Secrets: Vector Translation for AI Communication Imagine a world where AI...
Correlation vs Regression Coefficients: A Beginner's Guide.
Dev.to · Nicholus Gathirwa 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Correlation vs Regression Coefficients: A Beginner's Guide.
The Big Picture: What Are We Even Measuring? Just keep in mind the following...
Boost .NET Performance with SIMD (`System.Numerics.Vector`)
Dev.to · Morteza Jangjoo 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Boost .NET Performance with SIMD (`System.Numerics.Vector`)
If you work with numerical-heavy workloads in .NET — like financial calculations, trading engines, or...
std::vector: From Basics to Implementation Intricacies
Dev.to · Oleg Goncharov 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
std::vector: From Basics to Implementation Intricacies
A comprehensive practical guide to one of the most popular containers in C++ ...
Part 2 is up on the Rasterizer Project, were actually drawing a triangle now! Exciting!
Dev.to · NoticeableSmeh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Part 2 is up on the Rasterizer Project, were actually drawing a triangle now! Exciting!
Rasterizer Project - Part 2: Lines and Optimization (Excited...
Rasterizer Project - Part 2: Lines and Optimization (Excited reaction)
Dev.to · NoticeableSmeh 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Rasterizer Project - Part 2: Lines and Optimization (Excited reaction)
Hello there beautiful people, lets continue on this rasterizer. So now we want to draw lines between...
Game Dev Digest — Issue #304 - Optimization, and more
Dev.to · Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Game Dev Digest — Issue #304 - Optimization, and more
Issue #304 - Optimization, and more This article was originally published on...
Quantum-Leaping Collateral: AI-Powered Optimization for the Future of Finance
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Quantum-Leaping Collateral: AI-Powered Optimization for the Future of Finance
Quantum-Leaping Collateral: AI-Powered Optimization for the Future of Finance Tired of...
Convexity Switching: The Secret to Faster, Smarter Neural Net Training?
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Convexity Switching: The Secret to Faster, Smarter Neural Net Training?
Convexity Switching: The Secret to Faster, Smarter Neural Net Training? Tired of...
Diagnosing layer sensitivity during post training quantization
Dev.to · Elina Norling 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Diagnosing layer sensitivity during post training quantization
Quantization is an essential optimization technique to adapt a model to edge devices, realizing the...
Conversion Optimization: How to Build a Subscription Page That Actually Converts
Dev.to · paywallpro 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Conversion Optimization: How to Build a Subscription Page That Actually Converts
In today’s digital economy, the subscription model has become the foundation of sustainable growth...
How to Tune Your C# AI Model for Maximum Efficiency: A Step-by-Step Guide
Dev.to · Matěj Štágl 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
How to Tune Your C# AI Model for Maximum Efficiency: A Step-by-Step Guide
Master AI model optimization in C# production environments. Learn the balance between speed, accuracy, and resource consumption with practical tuning techniques
Turbocharging Eigenvalue Computation: A Shortcut for Data Generation by Arvind Sundararajan
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Turbocharging Eigenvalue Computation: A Shortcut for Data Generation by Arvind Sundararajan
Turbocharging Eigenvalue Computation: A Shortcut for Data Generation Stuck waiting for...
iOS App Store Optimization: Growth, Engagement & Localization (Part 3)
Dev.to · ArshTechPro 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
iOS App Store Optimization: Growth, Engagement & Localization (Part 3)
In [Part 1], we covered metadata and keyword strategy. In [Part 2], we explored visual optimization....
Building a FHIR Vector Repository with InterSystems IRIS and Python through the IRIStool module
Dev.to · InterSystems Developer 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Building a FHIR Vector Repository with InterSystems IRIS and Python through the IRIStool module
Introduction In a previous article, I presented the IRIStool module, which seamlessly integrates the...
Speak Your Way to Smarter AI: The Language-Driven Optimization Revolution
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Speak Your Way to Smarter AI: The Language-Driven Optimization Revolution
Speak Your Way to Smarter AI: The Language-Driven Optimization Revolution Tired of...
iOS App Store Optimization: Metadata & Keyword Strategy
Dev.to · ArshTechPro 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
iOS App Store Optimization: Metadata & Keyword Strategy
What is App Store Optimization (ASO)? App Store Optimization (ASO) is the process of...
Laravel app was slow. Here's how I fixed it
Dev.to · JohnDivam 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Laravel app was slow. Here's how I fixed it
Imagine fetching 100 users, each with related posts and comments. Without optimization, your app...
BAYESIAN AND FREQUENTISTS
Dev.to · Njeri Kimaru 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
BAYESIAN AND FREQUENTISTS
Bayesian and frequentist are two different approaches to statistical inference, differing primarily...
《LightGBM: 一种高效的梯度提升决策树算法》论文(A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree)
Dev.to · MangoQuant 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
《LightGBM: 一种高效的梯度提升决策树算法》论文(A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree)
...
The Complete Guide to App Monetization and Subscription Optimization
Dev.to · paywallpro 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
The Complete Guide to App Monetization and Subscription Optimization
According to Statista, global app subscription revenue climbed to $160 billion in 2023 and is...
90% of Software Engineers Building with LLMs Are Still Writing Unit Tests
Dev.to · klement gunndu 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
90% of Software Engineers Building with LLMs Are Still Writing Unit Tests
Your deterministic debugging instincts are breaking AI projects. Here's the probability-first framework that actually ships production LLMs.
Python 3.14 Deep Dive: Incremental GC & Ultimate Performance Guide (Part 2 - Chapter 3/3)
Dev.to · sizan mahmud0 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Python 3.14 Deep Dive: Incremental GC & Ultimate Performance Guide (Part 2 - Chapter 3/3)
Master garbage collection and unlock maximum performance with proven optimization strategies 📚...
🌩️ Smart Cloud Computing: How AI and ML Are Transforming Cloud Cost Optimization
Dev.to · ADITI 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
🌩️ Smart Cloud Computing: How AI and ML Are Transforming Cloud Cost Optimization
☁️ The Cloud Is Smart — But Are We Using It Smartly? Cloud computing has completely...
Unlocking AI Efficiency: Harnessing Symmetry for Lightning-Fast Optimization
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Unlocking AI Efficiency: Harnessing Symmetry for Lightning-Fast Optimization
Unlocking AI Efficiency: Harnessing Symmetry for Lightning-Fast Optimization Imagine...
Turbocharge Your Models: Meta-Nets for Instant Optimization
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 8mo ago
Turbocharge Your Models: Meta-Nets for Instant Optimization
Turbocharge Your Models: Meta-Nets for Instant Optimization Tired of endless training...
Indexing, Hashing & Query Optimization
Dev.to · Deepana 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 9mo ago
Indexing, Hashing & Query Optimization
🎯 Objective To understand how to improve query performance using B-Tree, B+ Tree, and Hash...
AI Purple Problem: Make Your UI Unmistakable
Dev.to · Jainil Prajapati 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 9mo ago
AI Purple Problem: Make Your UI Unmistakable
Introduction You’ve seen it. Dark hero. Neon purple accent. Gradient headline. Looks...
Taming the Turbulence: Streamlining Generative AI with Gradient Stabilization by Arvind Sundararajan
Dev.to · Arvind SundaraRajan 🔢 Mathematical Foundations 9mo ago
Taming the Turbulence: Streamlining Generative AI with Gradient Stabilization by Arvind Sundararajan
Taming the Turbulence: Streamlining Generative AI with Gradient Stabilization Tired of...