What are vaccines and how do they work? 👧🏻❤️💉

Key Takeaways

hi i'm maya the science kid i just got my covered vaccine the covenant vaccine just got approved for kids in america ages 5 to 11. and i just got mine today i'm going to show you how the code vaccine works with this board that me and my friends made with the help of my uncle and we did a little bit of research so that we can make this board and now i'm going to show you what the code vaccine does inside of your body everything in your body is made up of cells from your head to your toes to your arms to your feet everything is made up of cells the cells that are in your body right now are eukaryotic cells eukaryotic cells are in animals plants and fungi eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which holds the dna the dna is like a strand of information and it is like a ladder that's twisted but it holds information the dna is like instructions for printing and the print drawer in your house the cell is like a house the printer in your house is the ribosome the ribosome gets the instructions from the dna and copies it and copies it again after a couple times it deletes the information the instructions and then the nucleus sends out another instruction for the ribosome to copy usually you would plug in your printer for it to get electricity but in this instance the mitochondria deliver energy to the ribosome the mitochondria is like a package and inside of it there is energy the ribosome can open the package take out the energy and use it to print copy the instructions then the mitochondria can go and yet be filled on the exterior you have the wall just like the wall in your house and then you have some windows these windows are receptors receptors are like receptors have key holes that only certain things can get to and that's how you can become infected with a virus because the virus will attach to the keyhole the other cell is a bacteria cell and it is called a prokaryote cell prokaryotic cell it has a wall it has mitochondria ribosome and all the windows but one thing it doesn't have is a nucleus but it still has the dna the dna just floats around it's like sour soup [Applause] but it wouldn't be very tasty i mean bacteria soup so it is also smaller than the eukaryotic cell the next particle we have have is the coronavirus viruses in general but there's this one family that we are particularly interested in called the coronavirus family the corona viruses are a family of viruses and there are five in the family it includes the common cold stars coven one and stars covered two stars coven two is more commonly known as coven 19. stars come in one was a version of kovid that was also started in china just like stars coming too but stars coven one is different it has evolved into stars covered two and now is and now we have source code two which is kova 19. i want to ask you a question are viruses good or bad well the answer is they are fantastic because without viruses bacteria all the bad bacteria would take over the world and nothing would be able to live except the bacteria viruses keep the bacteria population in check at the right amount it just happens that some viruses here and there's some very few happen to be bad and happen to infect humans coronaviruses are one of those the coronavirus has a wall and inside of it has rna which is like dna which is the ladder but it is half of a ladder that's twisted that's how it stores its information the viruses information then you have a spike the spike is three cones all attached to make it look like one big coat at the tip of the spike you have this area that has its own name rbd rbd stands for receptor binding domain receptor means receiver catcher binding means attaching attacher and domain means area the receptor binding domain is the area that to the receptor it's the domain that attaches to the receptor the domain that binds to the receptor which is how it gets its name rbd now i want to talk to you about how covid gets inside of your body so their rbd goes on to the ace2 receptor a special kind of receptor on your lungs the cells and your lungs are called the epithelial cells that's why you can only get covered through your lungs not any other way you cannot get covered by rubbing cove into your hand that's not how it works you have to breathe and comb it in then you will get covered if it goes into your lungs after the virus attaches then coming out of the spike it sends the rna that's inside of it the rna goes to the ribosome and the ribosome doesn't know that it's supposed to not be copied so ribosome isn't very smart so it it doesn't really know what it copies just it copies so it copies the rna and now you're infected because after it gets copied the ribosome doesn't destroy that rna because there's only a specific kind of rna that will get destroyed the mrna which is what the nucleus naturally sends out so once the covid gets in your body coven doesn't actually [Applause] harm you you harm yourself because coving sort of tricks you not really but it it makes you overreact so i want to tell you a story i'm walking in my room i just came home from school and i'm going in there to sit down my backpack and i go in and there is a ginormous spider and i scream and i scream so loud that my mom comes running in and she says what's going on and she doesn't even wait for me to respond she just knows that there's a spider and i have to kill the spider so she uses fire to kill the spider and pretty much burns down the whole room in my story the little girl me or you the little girl was a kind of white blood cell that pretty much just screams to alert other white blood cells that eat gobble the virus the foreign object so the kind of white blood cell that i am is a t cell i look at it and i see huh it's a foreign object i must scream okay the scream is cytokine a chemical so that was a chemical screen i have so much screen that the other white blood cells my mom those white blood cells eat and they attack those are attacking blood cells they think that something is so bad that they have to attack pretty much everything and they attack your own cells and that's how you get infected by covet your normal reaction would be just destroy the virus and then your body chews it up your the mom would chew it up and go over there and say here you go the mom is an antigen presenting cell it presents the chewed up virus and then the b cell comes along and says oh let me take that from you i'll go make an antibody for it an antibody is like a card and on the card it's like an id it has information um just about the virus that it was attacking so like it was this color it looked like this it had this on it with red spots and polka dots or something like that so to cure you from cover or to prevent coven more like prevent covid we had to create a vaccine or an antiviral an antiviral is like a medicine that you take daily or weekly or something like that that helps coven not infect you helps you recognize copiod helps you already have that id for covid but they had to test all the antivirals and vaccines we already have maybe one of those works well we've made a lot of vaccines and there aren't that many people who would want to volunteer for those vaccines so they had to use mice problem is mice don't have an h2 receptor only humans have an h2 receptor so they had to make a mouse called the humanized mouse that has an h2 receptor in its lung so they tested them and none of them worked so they had to make a new vaccine the most common vaccine one that we have used for common colds flu shots and things like that has been created for covet it it is basically just the weekend kobe weekend stars covered too and people in china figured out a way how to do that and they created this vaccine the cenovak vaccine this one was created in china this one is the mrna vaccine mrna vaccine is the one that has been approved for kids that i got and it has the instructions for making this spike the whole spike the instructions for making the spike and once it gets in your body you make the spike and then your bod your b saddles can come and make an antibody for it and then if even the whole cloven comes back it will remember that one spike so the thing about all of these is that if one part changes it most likely will still work because it will still remember one part so this part this one is the mrna vaccine and has the instructions for making the spike this one is the adeno 26 vaccine but it can be made with adeno5 or anything that doesn't that doesn't harm humans a genome 26 is a vaccine is a is a virus that doesn't harm humans and so is adrenal five which has also been used to make this vaccine what they do is they put half covered spikes on one half and adeno 26 spikes on the other half and there's no rna inside so then your body will make the antibodies and it will remember that one coven spike so even if it comes back the whole covert it will remember that one spike now a question people ask often is i want to get the best one which one should i get well they're all good they all serve their purpose and their purpose is so that the cytokine storm doesn't happen their purpose is so that all that happens is a little bit of cytokine clouds another one that people often ask another question people often ask is i got the vaccine but i still got covered i thought the vaccine was supposed to prevent covid well it doesn't prevent colon it prevents the cytokine storm from happening now that you know about vaccines make sure to get your own because if you if we all get our vaccines masks won't be needed anymore and we won't have to wear a mask to go grocery shopping or anything like that also it wasn't it doesn't hurt very much it's just a little shot today we learned about cells viruses how the viruses get into your body what happens when the viruses get into your body how the vaccine works the different kinds of vaccines and how they have tested the vaccine that's the end of the video i hope you enjoyed it see you next time on a my science kid video [Music] today two do