comma ai Onward to Omaha

Key Takeaways

all right eddie you know how to camera no oh i'll try it the best angle is to get it up here so you got you should switch your seat to there so you can get george steering wheel and thing i mean i basically killed it you know i like did a wonderful job good morning scopies [Music] got we got we got some weight where am i going that way yeah go that way good open pilot i got 19 people rolling in got 90 people rolling it with my shit all right all right guys we just did we just did 41 action news don't bother watching it no no no we're not gonna say that um you know the reporter is very nice there's unrealistic expectations around what self-driving cars are um you know you start out the interview and this is why we're never really going to do press demos again um at least not until they are like flawless door-to-door because this is what people expect right people don't understand really what a hard problem this is now you just saw what the car did right you saw it take that exit you saw it no it's not been messing up um for like five minutes and i'm impressed by this but your average person is not right um it works in the mirror which is kind of cool yeah so usually we usually switch to horizontal oh should i switch strokes you you guys like this better horizontally to work better um a completely unrealistic expectation for what self-driving car technology is for me i'm impressed if i do nothing for 10 minutes um they see one mistake and they're like oh this thing is horrifying of course it's horrifying if you put it on the road without a person right um and i think tesla's figured this out this is what we were talking about like you see right here i actually didn't mess up there but like if it went for that exit i would still call it pretty good dude that exit was viviane did you see that no that's funny um no but you just have to yo if we ever do a press demo again we have to script it so well we have to know and it's just not worth it it's really just not worth doing guys like you know and you you just have so much out of your control um versus i mean these periscopes like you really see what the technology is i don't know so i don't know how you deal with this problem maybe you uh pay overpaid media consultants to uh you'll know i'd never do that shit like they know wait if i apparently oh i thought it was gonna oh i rebooted didn't i yeah i thought they fixed that bug the bug with the i thought it would show the set speed when you were in ways yeah they haven't done that yet no um but yeah no doing doing doing press is kind of a kind of a bummer y'all yeah so eric moraga is saying the self-driving car should be renamed to enhance cruise control well but okay so enhanced cruise control is fine but you know that's not a very splashy marketing term right um and you can even use the worst term driver assistance system and nobody knows what that means right and saying self-driving car triggers the dmv i mean i kind of love triggering people we love the dmv we respect their authority but like triggering them is just kind of fun ah of course you know you can say whatever you want because this is america and we have the first amendment it's the internet all this data you can really say whatever you want on the internet right um how do you read these comments when we're horizontal you got to kind of tilt your head eddie oh oh that's just because i have orientation lock on my phone give me the phone i'll remove that i can't wait anyone who likes orientation oh i love working walking watching this sideways no no one was watching it sideways see i'm super impressed by that yeah did it do this with her yeah but the whole frame is right away why can't i enter my destination why doesn't it work at red lights like you don't understand like this is most driving yeah um but i don't know i mean i guess people don't see the usefulness of a 90 self-driving car yeah well certainly not people who like walk to work and then you know who don't really drive around and who don't use a car like a majority of people there's a car people i have people in kansas city definitely commute it's it's just uh i don't know um what do you do about it you got any idea scobys scopies what do we do to better make the public aware aware self-driving questions and reasonable expectations you know yeah we're on this forever uh welcome as sons it's their first day on periscope that's right you guys go first sons um yeah easy suns you know what's nice we can be out of kansas soon man you thank god team four is asking why in god's name are you driving to omaha omaha nebraska omaha nebraska is a sweet place we're doing a presentation at the university of nebraska we're going to the metropolis of america that people don't yeah man we're going we're going to america's uh vanilla gorilla how the news is going how did the movies go you missed the little rant it was okay we missed them it's okay it's okay it's okay the reporter she was very nice um but there is a there is a communication issue right so okay so first off i mean let's break it down right you know i'm very honest with you guys obviously you have 41 action news right so already what that does is like set up the frame of stories they can do in canton we're like okay let's do 41 action news you know there's no way this could be a head piece right um unlike reuters there's a terrible news organization writers is banned from comma um seriously seriously reuters is banned yeah um no we're like okay so the frame of this story is always gonna be it's puff pieces right the problem comes in to you can't promote something as a self-driving car now you can fix all of this in editing but then it's then it's fake and i really don't want it to be fake right the truth is there's very little news that exists to actually inform the public right uh news plays on your emotion it doesn't exist to educate so this is the smartphone we don't do that on periscope do i play with your emotion people just go fees do we play with your remotes do we play with your emotions they only send us love man they only send us the way you always can man but that's the frame of periscope right you can talk about the frame of 41 action news you can talk about the frame of periscope right there's also some hate on periscope well there's something there's always going to be there's always going to be some hate you know what i'm surprised by any time our shit gets posted on reddit it's nothing but hate anytime i should get posted on youtube it's nothing but love man and hacking news is a bit of both uh hacker news a lot of hate hacker news is is just yeah hacker news is hate i mean hacker news is is the truth is the people who read hacker news are very distinct from the people who comment on hacker news yeah a lot of people read hacker news and they're generally the positive people the people who comment are kind of like the that's not so hard man i got a guy who could have done that in three days that's the case the people comment are different than the audience yes no but i mean it's particularly true about hacker news because hacker news you have a lot of you know um you're like uh like maybe uh armchair engineers is the worst news arm chair engineers yeah um they sit in their fucking castle and comic con i'm impressed every time this thing like gets down to the six-minute ball yeah right but that's also kind of a hard thing to convey on a short news session right right because the truth is what this is for is people who are just driving for like an hour which is a lot of driving is inherently this incredibly boring thing when you think about it we are self-driving right now team four there is no knee driving not doing shit um yeah i wonder how many people think it's like me driving so many people how many people think we're cheating you guys the reason you think we're cheating is because the whole world is cheating right and there's no penalty for cheating because truthiness beats truth yeah no there's only reward for like these these amazing videos that people make yeah sell 800 products no like we fail we live in a world today where truthiness is more believed than actual truth right like truthiness is the the like first glance believability reset the bar um yeah so i don't know man just when i think i'm thinking last night that like you know we're about to have a paradigm shift and realness is about to come back in you see that and it's not even it's not even like the fault of anybody you can't really point fingers but just just it's a structural problem i'm really sure you deal with that we shouldn't subscribe to their emotions well but it's not it's not like bullshit right like like don't again there's really there's no malice there right they're just like operating in a world where certain stories can spread you could talk about that a lot with outrage today right yeah it's hard to even attribute malice outrage just happens to be a more viral emotion than um well then like positive emotions oh absolutely why do people watch the news why are they watching action 41 news anyway you know they're not there to get like a nice pleasant no well at least like you know you're always hoping morning shows are certainly better than like like the five o'clock news and the seven o'clock news five o'clock news did you know about these seven things in your household that can kill you make sure you're tuning in after this commercial break yep barbies eat bacon cheeseburgers they're not one of the seven things that can kill you but to be honest the most likely thing to kill you know and they're talking about like yeah this woman had a stove fall on her and she died watch out for stoves there in your house is your stove buckled to the wall this fucking bullshit man watch out for baking cheeseburgers they're actually more like me to kill you right and it's actually likely to kill you car accidents yep if you're young uh well actually there's one so i'm i'm a 27 year old white male uh 28 28. my number one risk of death is suicide um followed by drug overdose followed by a car accident yeah um so that that's that says that's a little hard oh we're almost in missouri i think we saw the welcome center in missouri been in missouri we've been oh we've oh we've already left kansas wow we're going to afghanistan we just cut through kansas now we weren't even saying the makerspace was fun last night yeah we went through a nice space um that was a really cool space not even i just structurally don't know what to do about this but it would be interesting to go back when tesla first introduced autopilot and see what did they do right did they just sell it to the people who were buying the cars and they were like you can also get this and you know it's an upgrade and blah blah and it'll assist you in your driving or did they do a lot of press no i remember the early marketing we could talk about that was in a minute but first off i want to say that this sign is brought to you by dan carlin's common sense dan carlin has this this great show he also makes this other podcast hardcore history um this is what we're listening to the seasoning a lot of this sort of like it really it really helps teach you how to think yeah um so i i recommend uh both common sense and hardcore history uh yeah no that's what the little signing just that one not all just that one no what tesla did for autopilot was they announced it they didn't really talk about what it was interesting i'm like i've been in a car with autopilot and and you watch these videos and to be honest so so so talking with the reporter this morning she said like you know tesla autopilot is way better and the reason she probably thinks that um is because she used tesla autopilot on a stretch of road like this with different expectations right so we we've been driving for for like 25 minutes now and i've done nothing yeah um but when you're in a 41 action news segment and you're trying to get a shot it's it's a different it's a different frame yeah yeah guys reverse engineer everything you know reverse engineer i mean the people that that know that it's better they they get it we don't we don't need to to hype it up to people that aren't gonna it's not even really better look it's the identical thing no no no i mean it's better than what comes on their car right people buy something that oh yeah but these people would not the people like in actual 41 news would not buy the stock system on the car they would not pay the extra thousands not only no no i wouldn't even say that right it's not even no disrespect to actually 41 news they probably would they probably would right but they wouldn't like think of it in the same sort of class right and maybe this is our fault for calling it a self-driving car right look we're driving better than that truck look at him look at him weaving in and out of his look at do you see him drift a little out of his lane yeah you know i see trucks do that and i don't know whether to blame the truck driver or like the wind it's the wind they might be i mean i've never driven a truck i don't know i mean i think it's pretty uh tan dan 90s asking what state is this for uh stone missouri missouri missouri wait when do we get to oh we're in missouri oh we've been in missouri the whole time we we just had this conversation five months ago no i didn't forget that we're in missouri obviously but like when do we get to nebraska y'all yeah that's that's what i'm wondering yeah i'm just like the show is the show me state kansas or missouri show me what it's like the slogan it's like to live free or die for kansas it's kansas so what's missouri's slogan oh it's missouri because the restaurant we were in was this rogan is literally it's missouri no no no it's missouri slogan the show me the slogan oh the show okay so what's kansas's slope um probably we got a lot of prairies yeah and like single oil rigs on the side of the road we've had so many of those so weird oklahoma kansas city great song wait is there a kansas city oklahoma no no but oh no oklahoma oh isn't there another musical guys i'm bummed out this morning yeah george at least it wasn't live there he is show me state any chicago upstates no time for here you know no it's not even it's i'm not bummed about how the press went i don't care about that what are you bummed about that the world isn't uh opening their eyes well not that the world it's that we live in a world that is completely incapable of thinking critically right i mean like like like like this is not think do this problem on a high level and think about i mean so okay there's a saying in the media right the second you're actually educated on a subject you realize what bullshit the media is right like you you look at the media talking about like say you say you know about like you know say you're you're a pilot you know about airplanes right you look at the media to talk about pilots and airplanes you're like wow they have no idea what they're talking about yet these same people still trust the media on other issues like artificial intelligence right i don't know maybe the media knows but people are not like people don't think like wow i'm a pilot and i know they're bullshit on pilots why do you not think they're also bullshit on artificial intelligence or things like that right it's a structural problem that's what's bumming me out maybe it is better with things like youtube and periscope i mean you actually can kind of see the truth right you you remove the middleman things are always more honest but yes maybe the world is going in a better direction but then you have you know sites like facebook which maybe facebook starts out as you know you're seeing updates from your friends on news feed but now it's you're seeing buzzfeed articles right you're seeing shit like that people who have figured out how to game new media yeah the systems are exploitable and like the exploit for the system that i'm talking about is kind of like the um truthiness is better than truth and i don't know how to overcome this and like on any platform you could start out with this very truthful guys i want you all to scopies right now see look it messed up a little bit there but you know that was the first time it messed up in like a while um and we were honest about it we were honest about it right scopey's i want you all to hold me accountable if i ever become bullshit please let me know but still not listening because you will have become bullshit i know i know i won't listen and that's see that concerns me right like do people grow up thinking i want to be bullshit when i grow up no it just happens then they just come in it just happens they just fall into it gotta put it put it on the blockchain so like it gets executed whenever you become bullshit oh my god have you seen what bullshit blockchain is like here you have these people oh my god and this is why we can't do the ico hi guys we were gonna do an ico but we can't do it because crypto's full of immature idiots who want to be crypto rich we don't want them no we don't because they ruin a community right um yeah right like you can't you know bitcoin starts out is this really fight for like liberation and truth right i mean this this is the same complaint i you know you have about like punks right and everyone is still a real punk is probably complaining about this saying like punk became a brand we literally tried to be anti-brands guys this is really bumming me out here i don't know man i want to know what you would feel like if someone else had built this and you just came onto this into this car and rode the system for the first time i mean that was very hard but i would have technical criticisms and complaints right um but then you know if you talk to me about like the machine learning and talk to me about like what's involved i'll be like yeah i think we can do better but like i get that it takes to be honest i don't know i thought i could i didn't think i could actually solve elon's vision problem in in the four months what he asked for was basically a replacement of mobilize iq3 and that i thought that i could actually do but i mean hello we have two lanes a holistic path predictor and a lead car predictor it's you know where do you think we got those ideas right they're obvious ideas but yeah it's it's you know it was what was after me in the tesla contract right um and you know finally now we're talking about how to move to a new architecture that would be an interesting perspective i guess yeah but i think you'd be more i think you'd be more harsh than you think you'd be oh no i would absolutely be harsh right but it's it but it's even beyond being harsh it's like he's critically thinking in the right way yeah yeah outrage no no no you see the thing is like i might be harsh for the first like couple minutes yeah but then i think that i'm the type of person who you can sit down and have a conversation with and i'll like you know i i do want to know yeah but scopies who are watching who used our system for the first time like what were you thinking yeah were you guys in the first moments that you used it were you freaked were you comfortable with it impressed depressed have drinking thoughts no one's used it someone's i guess they had low expectations right it's not even that right it's realistic and it's also that they were like they drove the car before the system for long periods of time and then they put the system in and they're like and the stock system so they can see how shitty the stock system is yeah maybe they even tried the stocks but to be fair like there is no stock lane keep assist on the toyota yeah but you can still have adaptive questions said he tried it uh for the first time was like oh my god this is a whole new world right really but that's exactly of course no no like i believe that the people who actually understand especially the people who build it certainly feel that yeah right but this is the whole i'm not you know the system like like is what it is and i think we're doing you know just you know we're doing are we doing great i mean everyone can always be doing better but like you know hey it really is way better than what the honda and the toyota are shipping right and and theirs is dangerous dangerously and how thankful were you to have a system yesterday the system's nice right not even that like it's it's bullshit does anyone really need any of this no one really needs any of this honest george no one really needs any of this right like no one really needs like anything in the world you know like one percent of people make all our food and like you do but where are we gonna get growth from oh i don't know about i don't know about like you can't have all this like lack of necessity for things and massive bro but i'm not saying like it's bullshit so we shouldn't do it i'm saying it's bullshit and we should recognize that it's bullshit and then do it anyway because like hey man what are we doing everybody's doing bullshit like that's just so expensive brownie face what the hoodie is so expensive it's like the supreme logo like if you get it you know what you know what in honor of that guy when we get home we're double in the price of the hoodie okay but seriously it's give you 249 240. 249. 249. it's a little less than double yeah but seriously the hoodie's going up to 249. so buy already right now in honor of the world being bullshit it's now yeah yeah can we can we edit that from shopify on your phone let me see bitch says i cancel my tesla p100d order to get a car i can run comma on your pace and lack of bs is good right like yeah i mean there's this people who do appreciate it it's just not most of the world but you can't like make people appreciate let's just pay them in here something that they don't understand i mean what are you trying to convince people don't let me forget scope i have a couple times hoodies are going up yeah you have a couple things to remind me guys okay no i'm trying to experiment in january i'm buying a fat suit and then i'm gonna wear it around right and if i like i buy a suit that adds like you know 30 40 pounds to my body i'm to get ripped just by pacing yeah george paces he paces throughout the day he gets like 10 000 steps when he just talks to you guys we should periscope more at the office it's actually a fun time yeah um live transparently y'all yeah start the real pin out the cunts got the real panopticon right um tattoos think it was gonna do the ico the panopticon foundation yeah jamaican joel says can i sell my own counterfeit hoodies for a much lower price no that's trademark infringement we have a trademark on the comma fuck off we're gonna sue you we'll see you we'll see you love soon people our lawyers will sue you we love the worst to be honest if you sold knockoff hoodies if it entertains me i would let them stay if you put it this way if you did it as a joke i'd be totally fine with it if you did it and tried to like seriously make money doing it and you were serious about it fuck you i'm suing you tan dan 19 says where are you going we're going to omaha we're going to omaha we'll be at a mantle hall at 2 p.m on the university of nebraska's campus yeah will they go by ufn we're gonna go to you event and i believe there's gonna be hot chocolate that's the word on the street and maybe some some snacks but i'm not sure it's like elon's pat thing you know elon likes like like lets people use his patents according to election license screaming i like that if you don't take the world seriously use our shit do you take the world seriously spread the word about truth right truth and realness yeah it's one of my real values reverend said there's cookies coffee hot chocolate coffee yeah yeah alex benitez is asking is anyone working on open pilot for semi trucks is that the banned question yeah cause we've gotten that a lot oh no that's not a car though that's not a car you said people can't ask about what that's less of a bullshit question um i don't know man i don't drive a semi truck i build ship for me like it's sounding like a like a big truck yeah yeah yeah i see y'all i don't drive those i mean it's really really good they look like fun baby if we get a new ceo next year pandas are not compatible with uh 24 volt systems out of the box oh no semi trucks don't actually have it they have a different connector though um they have a notch in the obd of semi trucks so that you don't plug in so that's that is good yeah don't plug a panda but someone should make a 12 a 24 volt to 12 volt panda that dude that'd be cool we can make 24 of all pandas for ten thousand dollars a panel yeah yeah and if you complain about the price it's doubled so you know yeah that's right yeah brevin seven semis are 24 volts no but seriously hoodies are grown up in price yeah buy everybody before jan first at the beginning you actually got two hoodies yeah because it was the medium large size now you get one and then hoodies are about to double in price yeah yeah i love it yeah right like those people who have hoodies man that's an appreciation get in early get in early on hoodie coin but hoodies are not a security yeah they do not pass the howie test they have a functional use people bought hoodies for many other reasons besides an expectation of profit when the people who claim to be educating are the biggest scammers in history no one wants you to really be educated yeah well i think people have forgotten how to educate her you see like you say this right and like like i mean this is like a this is almost like like the the the fantasy of make america great again right like it's i'm not sure people were ever better yeah the same bullshit man i really think it's the same bullshit like you know you had people back in the day selling like snake oil elixir down here um yeah these people are a little more informed now you know yeah maybe google it and like find out some hard facts on wikipedia yeah come on out there don't use facebook download the wikipedia app today and just read wikipedia but also people i feel like confirm their own biases so much more today than they ever did before it is easier it is easier on facebook you can find you can find news that supports literally whatever like not even whatever opinion you have but whatever truth you have and studies studies as well yeah right like did you guys know you can't get a speeding ticket if you're behind a car that's going faster than you guys let's go in the same speed let's hard code someone said i want to buy the full set panda giraffe and the neon and the hoodie for 250 but i need a support we don't do shit no support there's no support just so let me tell you seriously when you send an email to support we give you two support choices right support choice one it's open source fix it yourself support choice two send it back for full refund i'm not i'm not like oh someone someone sent a support question they sent like educate yourself a screech out of the camera right yeah like the camera always has like a kind of halo around the edges yeah it's cool but they're saying the camera is dimmer than it should be yeah what's it called again all right vision netting vision netting yeah vision vision netting yeah what does it do you know like some snobby french photographer yeah exactly visual netting i like that right no that's just it's an effect of the lens of you don't see it on most cell phone cameras because they're correcting for it and software right that's that's truth right there right yes big netting it's spelled like vignettes magnetic yeah oh guys i'm just bummed about the world so to get exact directions on what to do with oh you can uh there's no directions like university but there aren't there's a get home you can find if you don't know how to like like at least like read code this is not for you but we appreciate your business no we don't we honestly like almost don't like like even though we don't appreciate your business but like if you want to buy okay so i have a saying right i have a saying it's a saying i don't want to say it's keep hacking elite right um and people first hear that they're like oh keep hacking the lead you mean you only want to keep hacking confined to the elite few people no keep hacking elite means recognize that hacking is an elite skill that anyone can learn but only a few people have right in order to get the skill you have to put in time and learn it and it's the same thing with this right like self-driving is a journey and this is something that is really lost i'm not on a like a fast yeah eric is talking about the community support though that that has been heavily there's great community support but like you don't have to be willing to put in time yeah right well this isn't for you like look it'll get easier and to be honest what's probably gonna happen longer term with common ai is somebody else is gonna figure out how to package our bullshit and deal with consumers um but i don't know i mean i'm here to actually try to change the world right you don't change the world if you just like keep it on the same trajectory but faster right you know you're not like like changing your course i wouldn't be changing anything if i you know sped up to 90 on this highway right you can change what is in faucet nobody knows man nobody's ever been there dude it looks like that just look nobody's ever taken that road before yeah open balance isn't good i hope impala wants to go right open pilot cycle this thing is passing me again the rav4 is going to be on one of those we're not driving back look at that nice wrap yeah look at that right what in front of us is that a round 40 it's a shutdown it's a rav4 no yeah there's burgundy oh oh hold that i think about that every car looks the same now that's right all right go open pilot go go go eon engage come on go go and go nice yeah uh wiki fm radio said could you ask george about the time complexity of lord floyd marsh floyd marshall's album oh floyd marshall that's that's okay so that's um complete graph traversal i think that's like dykstra from all the paths naively off the top of my head i think okay so so floyd marshall is is dikes it's like it's like pre-solving dijkstra right so so dijkstra is given two nodes in a graph what's the shortest path between them um so if your graph has v vertices uh [Music] v squared e or just like n cubed if you're kind of like like just oven cubed that's the shortest i think it's v squared you know so so floyd marshall solves dykstra for all the paths um i can think about this a little bit more right so you want to know basically the shortest path between any two vertices in a graph and the graph edges can have weights um i'm pretty sure floyd marshall has three loops inside of each other i have written it before um this is the downside of being allowed to use the internet during competition programming we would use the internet during competition programming practice and then we'd go to the actual competitions and they wouldn't let us use it like flip through you bring the algorithms there you bring like interesting stuff you can print stuff out too so you'd print out i'm sure i'm sure you'd literally have a floyd marshall implementation there ready to go you just kind of shove it in but yeah okay so let's see what you do um so oh god even if you ask me about the complexity of dykstra i have to think it through it these are not things that i know off the top of my head but the truth is you don't want to know shit off the top of your head you want to be able to think things through right but you have to have some basic information so let's let's go over a little bit of basics do you guys know like what a graph is yeah yeah he said o v o v cubed okay it's v cubed all right all right all right so i had i was close to the order of magnitude but for some reason it's not o v squared e and the number of edges apparently don't matter yeah i mean okay you can see kind of intuitively why that's true right because i can't imagine like a complete graph taking um i could pick it true i could i could rederive the uh the algorithm anymore any more comp side questions uh marshmallow no we're not reading uh car compatible you know what let's let's let's derive and let's figure out why it's a cube right so you you have a you have a graph so a graph is is is when i say a graph you know i don't mean like like a time size i know what do you mean by yeah what graph are you talking about so a graph has like vertices and edges okay right you have like like think of like a point and then like edges connected right and the graph is like a structure when they talk about graph theory it's not about you know what it's not yeah yeah i mean i guess you could graph y equals mx plus p but no it means something other than that right alright so let's rederive flood marshall uh so so first off let's figure out the time complexity of dijkstra so if you have a graph right think about traversing a graph as you're trying to get from this think about okay here's the simplest way to think about it uh it's very relevant because we're on a road trip think about each city like a vertex right and each road connecting them as an edge um and then each edge has has like a cost right so there's a cost to traversing that edge right so you might think of costs as like times right so we're taking the highway from kansas city which is one vertex to omaha which is another vertex and this maybe has a cost of you know since it's let's say 180 because it's 180 minutes right we could also stop by you know whatever like like rubber or faucet yeah right faucets maybe this edge over here right and maybe it takes um you know 300 minutes to get from faucet to omaha and then 100 minutes to get from kansas city so you could take this path in the graph for a total of 400 or you could take this path for for for one eight okay so if you're if you're running dijkstra see these are things that i just should know off the top of my head but i don't it's been a while um you want to figure out what's the shortest path from point a to point b yeah so the way that you do this is you think about a star and a star works if you have a heuristic function right a star is just dykstra dijkstra is a star without a heuristic function right so heuristic function you could think of is kind of like an estimate for how close you are right an estimate so say you got to uh say you got to faucet right and you say there was like a lot of nodes between faucet and omaha you wouldn't necessarily know your distance from faucet to omaha off the top of your head without actually traversing right so the algorithm is you start at a vertex you expand out all of the edges right um then you go to another vertex and you expand out all of the edges as well you go to another vertex uh yeah so you're going to each vertex once in dijkstra so you think about the complexity as v and then you're traversing each edge at most once right because the trick is when you get from here to here you don't have to save all the slower intermediate you just want the fastest you only have to save the fastest right so the space complexity is one number per vertex and the time complexity is the number of vertices times the number of edges right you can think about why because the most you'll ever have to do is traverse each edge once and visit each node in the graph once in order to get to uh the end right um there's probably some reason why it's smaller now i think i think dijkstra's is is is ve right um so if floyd marshall is v cubed that means you're doing something in the time complexity of the number of vertices uh cubed ah okay you know what i mean yay okay all right you can see why this is obviously true because originally i said it was v squared e but you're not gonna have to traverse edges unless they are shorter because you're computing every path right so you can think about imagine pre-computing dijkstra for the whole graph right between every vertex and every other vertex so that's naively v squared e right because if dijkstra is v e well that's from one vertex to one other but then you know one vertex what vertex does every vertex is also v e and it doesn't matter that there's one target because it might be the last one you explore to be honest there isn't even a space complexity difference you have to save you have to save all the just following us there's my there's my there's my there's my computer science lecture for the day right you're going to end up now you do have to safe so if you're doing dijkstra you're going to end up saving so if you're trying to get from point a to point b right you just need to know that path well but at all the intermediates you're going to save the shortest distance from that intermediate to point a yeah because eventually eventually one of your intermediates will be one hop away from point b and then you can get a total a total path wiki fm said dijktras is e log b okay it's e log v right so i'm thinking about that now y i was thinking it had to be less than v e right but but i don't see naively why okay so so why would you not have to explore all the vertices yeah and there's another version of it that's v squared to get to i think i took a graph theory course for a little bit yeah you guys all get the advantage of being able to google shit i'm i'm you know tell us all right so if it's if it's if it's e um okay so you can think about yeah maybe that is the hourglass okay so you can think about putting things in a in a uh i'd have to oh god i have to write a proof for why it's not the e but okay so you can think about a a a vague heuristic function to get to to get to the the endpoint right and you want to start by okay you're at point a right you expand out this edge has a weight of 20. this edge has a weight of 10 and this edge has a weight of five right so if the first one you're going to want to expand out is the one with a weight of five because you're trying to find the shortest path um and then from the weight of five right if this one has a if this only has like one edge away from it from a weight of 30 then you're going to want to revisit the one with a weight of 10 right so you're going to want to keep them sorted you're going to want to keep them sorted like that right um e log v well okay so if that's the data structure you're using you'll have to prove to me that like some vertices will never be explored um so let's think of some examples where this is obviously not true ah okay okay so you can think about dijkstra from from point a to point b and you have like a really really long graph right like say like it's ten nodes long right say there's just literally one straight line and you're just proceeding along that you're obviously gonna have to visit every vertex but that complexity is already covered in the edges so that would actually be just o of e right because there's if there's one uh vertex between each right so now let's think about the opposite example which is a complete graph a complete graph is a graph where every vertex is connected to every other vertex every edge is is possible on the graph quick how many edges are possible on a graph if every vertex is connected every vertex is connected to every other vertex well what about a complete graph with with one one with one node how many edges are possible and assume that it's it's a normal graph oh one node and no one node and just one node how many edges can i point there are no edges there are no edges because you can't there's nothing um now you have three notes three three now you have four yeah it's a little notes right yeah what is it it's like n is it what's this n squared minus one well is it n squared minus one no because four nodes four nodes so let's let's look at the first one how many edges does it have it is zero this one has three the first one is three right oh right right so three two one three two one right yes six so that's four squares so it doesn't so it's four two n is two n minus one would be seven so we know we know that's six so yeah um it's three plus two plus one so it's so it's so it's the n minus one but expanded out so like n minus one times n minus two over two is that right [Music] it's just n minus 1 times minus 2 this is factorial right what's that factorial because factorial is oh yeah you multiply sorry yeah so when there's five there's like four plus three plus two plus five six yeah four plus three plus two plus one so five is ten five really what you do is you type 0 1 3 6 10 into the online encyclopedia of integer sequences and it tells you exactly what that is right n times n plus 1 over two n times n plus one over two is that right or that's something right n times n plus one over two yeah that that that sounds naively right um well so let's see so so let's see if it works for five so we said five was was ten no that's not oh it is ten this ten um so five times five minus one over two that's well that works oh five times all right so that's twenty number two right yeah there you go magic the magic of google see this is why nobody ever has to think anymore just google it unless you actually derive that at your house which which good for you and if you actually wrote it if you actually derived it at your house without paper then then you beat us it looked like he copy pasted it from it was in like some latte formation no no no no no no you derived it in his head and then wrote it up in latex let's let's give it let's give the scope we'll give the scope he's the benefit of the doubt how long about touching the the steering wheel right now i don't know our timeout haven't touched it really yeah we haven't really touched it i touch it to reset it yeah the touch resets the bar so we can't really reset the question but scope scopy viewership is still high scope you're shooting with all this even with all of lecture y'all this is how to think about shit someone said i shouldn't understand self-driving a reinforcement learning problem supervised okay so that's that's that's right we'll go off the topic a little bit into machine learning yeah um so okay you think about it very naively and it's it's obviously it's a supervised learning problem right so given a picture what did the human do in this picture so that's supervised learning because you have your x's which are the pictures and your y's which are what the human did and then you want to learn a function f of x equals y and then you can run that function usually to drive the car if it was that simple our car would work way way way better than it does but it's not that simple because of the problem of okay in a supervised learning like the typical scenario the one the academics always write out you make this assumption that your data is iid independent and identically distributed what this means is that every data point is independent of every other data point right you can think of like when this would be true like if i am you know like sampling without sampling with replacement right like if i have a bingo top right and i pull out one number and then i put that number back in the tub and spin it again and pick out another number right those two events are completely independent events or two coin flips are independent events right but if i'm sampling like without replacement if i take that ball out well then the next event depends on what happened in the first event or think about drawing cards from a deck of cards right if i'm holding two aces in my hand that affects the probability that the next card that i'm going to draw as an ace unless you're a cheater and you've filled your deck with aces um so that's what independent means and identically distributed means that any sample of the data looks like any other sample of the data under any statistical test as this goes out to infinity right so this is again true about like uh coin flips right but um where might this not be true if you think about like predicting the next letter in wikipedia articles right your data is not identically distributed because if the article is about bananas i mean the the word fruit is likely is more likely to show up right so that's actually dependent on your context right um so it's not something kind of right but supervised learning makes these two assumptions that it's independent and identically distributed right so now let's talk about whether these examples actually apply to self-driving cars is one frame independent of the next frame if there's a car in front of me in this frame does that affect the probability of there being a car in front of me in the next frame yeah so you violate your independence assumption there now how about identically distributed right yeah well do edge cases fall identically distributed well yeah i mean you have to talk about identically distributed under like what model yeah but um so so the real way that this stuff is violated is it it's so you can say okay well i'll shuffle up all the data and there'll be enough of it and then it's iid and then it actually is iid but the problem is that isn't what happens on the road on the road you're executing your model like sequentially right and you have your output of the model actually affects what the next state looks like right if if the thing told the car to turn left in the next frame it's likely to be further to the left which is the whole problem which is to the left which is the whole reason that self-driving cars are not a supervised learning problem so in the literature this is referred to as behavioral cloning or cascading errors uh and it's very hard for them to fix a reinforcement learning fixes this um reinforcement learning fixes this because so another thing that would fix this if we could trade in a simulator because in a simulator if you're actually letting the model act then you don't have this problem um but when we're testing it on the data that you guys sent to us we can't let the model act because what actually happened is what happened kind of like the lost theory of time travel we can test in a simulator oh well can we test on the simulator that perfectly mimics the real world not perfectly no that's the problem yeah test a little bit in a simulator um but again you're only testing the simulator you're not training in the same way if you train a simulator to build a simulator is kind of like hard hand coding the self-driving car it's graphics instead of vision but it's still not something you want to be doing yeah that's interesting so yeah yeah supervised learning man i liked computer science one-on-one questions more that would be fun i love right there yeah i want to learn some crap we still got 44 scopies out there wow i had a great grandfather professionally at cmu yeah and then for the half a semester i took this course until this girl broke my heart that's right hey kylie calling it like it is like it is gonna be real people yeah so wikifm radio who asked you the question before what is george's favorite language to programming python python you're a big rust fan oh god you just like the chill for us i like to chill for us and then let other people try to code in it but python's just the shit is very simple you know you know what they say man if you're good it doesn't matter how shitty your tools are but if you have good tools you're even better yeah pee i had two cups of coffee this morning three yeah i drink your coffee too i went for a while help solve the simulator problem you described dance well okay so what you can read our paper learning a driving simulator um and guns are kind of ugh the ants are just they're really hard to get to work well i don't know if you can pee in amazon you can probably not no no like it doesn't look like it right yeah it looks like we literally get i mean we go to someone's house you could pee right next to that tree that's like your best uh option in amazonia yesterday we were in the middle of nowhere in nebraska yeah i don't think i think so we would have seen a sign right what's the nebraska motto oh yeah go grab the view um yeah so my talk today is going to be a lot of complaining about the lack of realness in the world but i'll try to refrain from talking at colleges about how college is the greatest game in history i'll try i'll try to refrain but guys it really is the greatest scam history when you look when you look at the the wealth that has been extracted from our nation's youth we're still in missouri we almost don't know we're almost there yeah we're going to get up i'll turn over omaha is like pretty far down in nebraska west again you gotta go west go west yeah what time is the event i think it's at two 2 p.m 2 p.m are we streaming the event we'll stream a bit for the first time yeah yeah we have a little bit of presentation and i hopefully like if i'm standing by a podium yeah yo you'll have a podium you know we got obama to come speak in tits and he was real pissed we didn't have a podium yeah yeah yeah um i spoke about crypto kitties i made some serious cash off crypto kitties are real folks are real problem i don't know anymore we either believe in true realness or complete bullshit if you haven't realized it's not that i believe in bullshit it's like you just enjoy bullshit it's just that i really hate hypocrisy right but then you can't say you love real and honest and then chill for cryptokitties no no no but like like like the thing about cryptokitties is it is real and honest because it doesn't pretend to be something else right it's not like they're talking about cryptokitties how they help the underprivileged youth they're just cats on a blockchain man buy them trade themselves right like they're not trying to be something that they're not yeah it's hypocrisy that's the problem right because if you live in a world where everything has to be rational and true what kind of a boring world is that right but we could live in a world where everything is at least honest yeah well brevin's trying to set up a live a youtube live youtube live would but don't even think about a facebook live because friends don't have friends who's facebook yeah i'm playing with the focus now because there have been no bridges to give you our sponsors this is bridgeless missouri missouri missouri show me state just don't show me in britain can i pee and fill more you definitely probably not there's nothing there oh there's nothing there how about raw there's an r8 there the best the best is when we passed country road 11 country road 12 country road 15. 14. and then country road 16 yeah you're like what happened yeah what happened there don't take me home country road 15. does it go oh take me home country road yeah we should listen to that i think it's literally the country roads that he was taking those country roads yeah no you can definitely pee there why oh why do you think that's far away from the highway though yeah i agree i i'm i'm good coaster no i gotta pee hold it but no i gotta pee y'all dude flex your bladder it's a muscle let's go george exercise work it out yeah this is this is a why don't we do anything guys go make the turn make the turn look at that look at that nice nebraska model 41 news if you need more footage we got that right there for you action 41 news wants to enter in a destination and take a nap yeah they're tired the nebraska motto is the good life this is life i like the good life of nebraska see the problem is okay so here's the problem i have an interview if you guys want to look it up ndtv where i show for bagels oh yeah your hair is uh blonde i wear my hair is bleach blonde uh i just want a ctf they pulled my friend aside and they're like is he high i swear i get high a lot but i wasn't high that morning um and yeah and none of my stuff was this right the difference between attack and defense and security right when you attack you always win because if you don't exploit anything nobody knows about you if you do you're a winner right when you defend you always lose um because say you fix nine out of the ten exploits you still get grilled for the one you missed we still completely do this right the problem is i view self-driving cars like an attack and i think like if it makes that turn it's a success right versus the defend which is if it ever makes a mistake over you know a huge amount it's a mistake right i mean it's terrible do you think it's a bad way to view it as an attack oh i think attack is a much more exciting way to view the world right eventually you want to attack and then we have some people who are like self-driving clothes will never be allowed until they get to zero those people are literally sentencing thousands of people to die every year right if you could build something that's twice as safe as people you save fifteen thousand lives well we shouldn't even save fifteen thousand lives until we can save thirty thousand said terrible people right yeah um and you kind of stop hearing people say that i think there's still a few people that do you wanna be honest like this kind of kind of gone away oh man volvo this morning that's so funny you guys the idiots on our self-driving cars that were giving us shit are like volvo's already shipping a level four system in in 2017 yeah you know what they pushed it to 2021 which is another word for never it's not even soon tm we're gonna call that never tm and now they're shipping a level two system to people to get them comfortable with it they're shipping volvo drive pilot which is shittier than open pilot people need to be comfortable no but it's like it's like it's like stop it with the pr spin self-driving cars were harder than we anticipated oh okay yeah okay can i pee in mountain city guys rockport seems more like it oh it's like i feel that it's a good city oh that's so far are we almost in nebraska yeah really we have an hour 38. before we get to nebraska even oh no oh before we get there oh all right but you picked a gas station we could uh yeah it turns out when this car says it's out of gas it actually has like two gallons left in the gas tank it's really good to know yeah it's like what a scam we lost so much time slowing down we're like freaking out yesterday going to neutral to try to coast and this car can't coast yeah in old cars when it said you were actually out of gas right dishonesty but like dishonesty probably works better there's the the odometer you know i feel like i'm going fast right truthiness is better than truth i don't know man i think we're just doomed it's okay so we're all doomed we're all doomed gas station's about 15 minutes away oh i get to pee in 15 minutes see you've been talking about pink sponge now i have to pee oh excellent now we all have to stop good now it's nice i don't have to pee i'll pick you guys up later but i want to get a coffee so then i will have to oh let's get more coffee more coffee yeah all right periscope i'm sick of holding you but there's a bridge coming up should wait for this no no no no that's when i was sponsored today they sponsored yesterday i don't want any when any more pc no no no no yeah let's leave let's leave the scope all right yeah we just ranted along by scorpios [Music]