Python Tutorial - 16. Exception Handling

Key Takeaways

hello and welcome to code Basics coding tutorials today we are going to talk about exceptions and here is the list of topics that we are covering in this video okay let's begin with what are exception exceptions are the errors that occurs while executing your program let's say you are driving on a road and the road is clear you reach your destination safely without any trouble this is called executing program without any exception but life is not same all the days on one fine day when you're driving on a road you see a scene like this it's quite funny but things like this happen and what you need to do is take a detour so the accident that you saw on a road is called exception because you didn't AC expect Ed it to happen but it did and your action of taking a detour is called handling exception okay so see these kind of accidents happen uh when you're writing code as well so let's go over some of the basic exceptions uh I'm going to bring up uh idle here and we will see some basic ex exceptions uh the first one is dividing a number by zero when you do that you get zero division error exception because you know you cannot divide number by zero you basically get infinity another one is when you try to concatenate string with a number it says can't convert integer object to string explicitly whenever you see this kind of Trace bag uh it refers generally to an exception okay and whenever exception occurs your program terminates execution this is called crash your program crashed okay now we are going to write a program in p uh to show you uh how to handle exceptions this program is very simple it takes two numbers as an input in fact what I'm going to do is just copy my code to save time on recording as you see here all we are doing is taking two inputs from a user and uh dividing that number and printing the division okay if you execute this program and you enter normal two numbers it works fine it says my division is is 2.0 as you see here okay but what happens uh when you have scenario like this again you're dividing a number by zero and you get a crash now interesting thing to notice here is when the crash happened it stopped execution of program at this point you do not see a print statement like this print print statement being executed right now if you are writing a huge program let's a thousand line program and this kind of situation happens in the middle your program will terminate the execution in the middle which is not good what you want to do is you want to handle the exception it is like you are driving on a road you see an accident and you just drive back home you generally don't do that right you don't ex terminate your plan in between you uh find alternate way uh which is a detour and you still reach the destination same thing should happen while writing a program as well and for doing that you have to handle the exception and the way you handle the exception is by writing try catch so you will say try and then here you will say accept so try colum and the program the the the block of program that you expect could possibly generate exception you should put it on in try except block So within between try and except you should have that code okay so the syntax here is accept exception as e okay and you will say Okay print exception occurred and you want to just let's first print the exception and see uh what happens when you run this program okay I'm entering the number and it is saying name Z is not defined okay this this was another problem so uh okay what I'm doing is uh if I cannot divide number by zero I'm in initializing Z as none when you do this see here interesting thing to notice is it executed the program without any crash you did not see those red lines here you are seeing division is whatever right so if you have let's say 100 lines of code return below this line it will all get executed if you handle exception this way okay uh so this program now is pretty stable it works with normal scenarios where the exception don't happen it also works with the scenarios where exceptions do happen so this program never never crashes so that's a benefit of handling an exception now here I'm handling an exception which is a very generic exception what what you want to do is you want to handle a a very specific exception so for example this exception is actually called zero division error okay um and when that happens you can directly write division by zero exception okay you don't need to even print it this way you are you expect specific situation and you handle that specific situation it is not a generic way of handling uh things okay if you have to compare uh this code with our real life example of accident and Detour then the code will look like this you're driving you encounter an exception of accident and the way you handle it is by taking a detour okay let's now talk about how to handle multiple exception this program is already handling zero division error exception but let's say by mistake when you take the number from the console you forget to convert it to an integer so now what I'm doing is I'm dividing this x will be a string by the way when you enter something from the console It Is by default a string which you need to uh convert it to an INT but let's say you don't do that and let's see what happens okay so I'll just enter normal numbers here wow you saw it crashed because you cannot divide string with integer so what should we do here first of all if you want to handle this exception you want to figure out uh which exception type that is okay so you will first write so let's first cover how to figure out the type of exception you will say you'll just handle it as a generic exception first of all because you don't know the exact name right okay so that's why you will say print except exception type and my exception type here would be this is how you figure out the type of exception doore name okay let's run this again we getting the same thing here so you have to always say this I'm going to move this on the right hand side uh the way you move this on the right hand side is you will see okay it's probably not visible so I'm going to minimize make the screen [Music] smaller and see move to right okay so now you can see what's being executed all right uh when we run this program and you enter aha now it is saying exception type is type error so you know what is the exception type so let's put type error here and here you can say type error exception okay when you run this you a 4 by two you get type error exception if you run this and then upon noticing this exception obviously you will examine your code you will fix it and then when you run it again it just starts working fine also if you have divide by Z exception then also it will handle it so this will pretty much handle all kind of cases so that was the basic intro on exception thanks for watching