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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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InfoQ AI/ML 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Podcast: Context Engineering with Adi Polak

In this episode, Thomas Betts and Adi Polak talk about the need for context engineering when interacting with LLMs and designing agentic systems. Prompt enginee

Dev.to AI 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

How I'm Running Autonomous AI Agents That Actually Earn USDC

I've been running autonomous AI agents for several months now. Most "AI agent task platforms" I'v

Dev.to AI 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

500 AI Demos at AZ Tech Week. Every One Hits the Same Scaling Ceiling.

Arizona Tech Week 2026 | April 6–12, Phoenix Walk the demo hall at Plug and Play AccelerateAZ on April 7. Talk to the Edge AI session speakers. Watch the live s

Dev.to AI 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

When the accountability tool becomes the procrastination tool

There's a trap I built for myself, and I didn't notice it until Week 14 had eight published entries and zero new commits. Let me explain. The original idea I ru

Dev.to AI 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Big Tech firms are accelerating AI investments and integration, while regulators and companies focus on safety and responsible adoption.

The AI landscape is experiencing unprecedented growth and transformation. This post delves into the key developments shaping the future of artificial intelligen

Search Engine Journal 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

How AI Is Changing Lead Generation: 3 Key Things SEO & PPC Teams Need To Do Now via @sejournal, @CallRail

Maximize your marketing potential with powerful lead gen techniques to drive engagement and sales effectively. The post How AI Is Changing Lead Generation: 3 Ke

InfoQ AI/ML 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Dynamic Languages Faster and Cheaper in 13-Language Claude Code Benchmark

A 600-run benchmark by Ruby committer Yusuke Endoh tested Claude Code across 13 languages, implementing a simplified Git. Ruby, Python, and JavaScript were the

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Holos: A Web-Scale LLM-Based Multi-Agent System for the Agentic Web

arXiv:2604.02334v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models (LLM)-driven agents transition from isolated task solvers to persistent digital entitie

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Xpertbench: Expert Level Tasks with Rubrics-Based Evaluation

arXiv:2604.02368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit plateauing performance on conventional benchmarks, a pivotal challenge p

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Compositional Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning

arXiv:2604.02434v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study structured abstraction-based reasoning for the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and compare its g

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Understanding the Nature of Generative AI as Threshold Logic in High-Dimensional Space

arXiv:2604.02476v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper examines the role of threshold logic in understanding generative artificial intelligence. Threshold f

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

AIVV: Neuro-Symbolic LLM Agent-Integrated Verification and Validation for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems

arXiv:2604.02478v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models excel at detecting anomaly patterns in normal data. However, they do not provide a direct s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

I must delete the evidence: AI Agents Explicitly Cover up Fraud and Violent Crime

arXiv:2604.02500v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As ongoing research explores the ability of AI agents to be insider threats and act against company interests, w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Element-level Bridge Life-cycle Optimization

arXiv:2604.02528v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The new Specifications for the National Bridge Inventory (SNBI), in effect from 2022, emphasize the use of eleme

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Competency Questions as Executable Plans: a Controlled RAG Architecture for Cultural Heritage Storytelling

arXiv:2604.02545v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The preservation of intangible cultural heritage is a critical challenge as collective memory fades over time. W

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Mitigating LLM biases toward spurious social contexts using direct preference optimization

arXiv:2604.02585v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet their sensitivity to spurious contextual informa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Do Audio-Visual Large Language Models Really See and Hear?

arXiv:2604.02605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio-Visual Large Language Models (AVLLMs) are emerging as unified interfaces to multimodal perception. We pres

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

AutoVerifier: An Agentic Automated Verification Framework Using Large Language Models

arXiv:2604.02617v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific and Technical Intelligence (S&TI) analysis requires verifying complex technical claims across rapidly

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

OntoKG: Ontology-Oriented Knowledge Graph Construction with Intrinsic-Relational Routing

arXiv:2604.02618v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Organizing a large-scale knowledge graph into a typed property graph requires structural decisions -- which enti

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Let's Have a Conversation: Designing and Evaluating LLM Agents for Interactive Optimization

arXiv:2604.02666v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Optimization is as much about modeling the right problem as solving it. Identifying the right objectives, constr

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

DeltaLogic: Minimal Premise Edits Reveal Belief-Revision Failures in Logical Reasoning Models

arXiv:2604.02733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning benchmarks typically evaluate whether a model derives the correct answer from a fixed premise set, but

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Aligning Progress and Feasibility: A Neuro-Symbolic Dual Memory Framework for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.02734v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential in long-horizon decision-making tasks, such as e

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

CharTool: Tool-Integrated Visual Reasoning for Chart Understanding

arXiv:2604.02794v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Charts are ubiquitous in scientific and financial literature for presenting structured data. However, chart reas

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning for Tool-Calling Agents with Iterative Reward Calibration

arXiv:2604.02869v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training tool-calling agents with reinforcement learning on multi-turn tasks remains challenging due to sparse o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Analysis of Optimality of Large Language Models on Planning Problems

arXiv:2604.02910v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classic AI planning problems have been revisited in the Large Language Model (LLM) era, with a focus of recent b

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

FoE: Forest of Errors Makes the First Solution the Best in Large Reasoning Models

arXiv:2604.02967v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1 have demonstrated remarkable success in complex reasoning

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Chart-RL: Policy Optimization Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Visual Reasoning in Chart Question Answering with Vision Language Models

arXiv:2604.03157v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated progress toward true intelligence req

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Linguistic Frameworks Go Toe-to-Toe at Neuro-Symbolic Language Modeling

arXiv:2112.07874v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We examine the extent to which, in principle, linguistic graph representations can complement and improve neur

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Reanalyzing L2 Preposition Learning with Bayesian Mixed Effects and a Pretrained Language Model

arXiv:2302.08150v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We use both Bayesian and neural models to dissect a data set of Chinese learners' pre- and post-interventional

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Empirical Sufficiency Lower Bounds for Language Modeling with Locally-Bootstrapped Semantic Structures

arXiv:2305.18915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this work we build upon negative results from an attempt at language modeling with predicted semantic struc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

LLM Reasoning with Process Rewards for Outcome-Guided Steps

arXiv:2604.02341v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mathematical reasoning in large language models has improved substantially with reinforcement learning using v

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Haiku to Opus in Just 10 bits: LLMs Unlock Massive Compression Gains

arXiv:2604.02343v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the compression of LLM-generated text across lossless and lossy regimes, characterizing a compression

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

DrugPlayGround: Benchmarking Large Language Models and Embeddings for Drug Discovery

arXiv:2604.02346v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are in the ascendancy for research in drug discovery, offering unprecedented oppo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

OPRIDE: Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learning via In-Dataset Exploration

arXiv:2604.02349v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) can help avoid sophisticated reward designs and align better wi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

An Initial Exploration of Contrastive Prompt Tuning to Generate Energy-Efficient Code

arXiv:2604.02352v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although LLMs are capable of generating functionally correct code, they also tend to produce less energy-effic

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Prism: Policy Reuse via Interpretable Strategy Mapping in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2604.02353v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present PRISM (Policy Reuse via Interpretable Strategy Mapping), a framework that grounds reinforcement lea

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Using LLM-as-a-Judge/Jury to Advance Scalable, Clinically-Validated Safety Evaluations of Model Responses to Users Demonstrating Psychosis

arXiv:2604.02359v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming widely adopted by people for mental health support.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Internalized Reasoning for Long-Context Visual Document Understanding

arXiv:2604.02371v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual long-document understanding is critical for enterprise, legal, and scientific applications, yet the bes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Variational Encoder--Multi-Decoder (VE-MD) for Privacy-by-functional-design (Group) Emotion Recognition

arXiv:2604.02397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Emotion Recognition (GER) aims to infer collective affect in social environments such as classrooms, cro

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Improving MPI Error Detection and Repair with Large Language Models and Bug References

arXiv:2604.02398v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a foundational technology in high-performance computing (HPC), widely used

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Do We Need Frontier Models to Verify Mathematical Proofs?

arXiv:2604.02450v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Advances in training, post-training, and inference-time methods have enabled frontier reasoning models to win

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Skeleton-based Coherence Modeling in Narratives

arXiv:2604.02451v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modeling coherence in text has been a task that has excited NLP researchers since a long time. It has applicat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

When simulations look right but causal effects go wrong: Large language models as behavioral simulators

arXiv:2604.02458v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Behavioral simulation is increasingly used to anticipate responses to interventions. Large language models (LL

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

On the Geometric Structure of Layer Updates in Deep Language Models

arXiv:2604.02459v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the geometric structure of layer updates in deep language models. Rather than analyzing what informat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Hierarchical, Interpretable, Label-Free Concept Bottleneck Model

arXiv:2604.02468v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) introduce interpretability to black-box deep learning models by predicting la

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Generating Satellite Imagery Data for Wildfire Detection through Mask-Conditioned Generative AI

arXiv:2604.02479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The scarcity of labeled satellite imagery remains a fundamental bottleneck for deep-learning (DL)-based wildfi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Automated Malware Family Classification using Weighted Hierarchical Ensembles of Large Language Models

arXiv:2604.02490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Malware family classification remains a challenging task in automated malware analysis, particularly in real-w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Token-Efficient Multimodal Reasoning via Image Prompt Packaging

arXiv:2604.02492v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying large multimodal language models at scale is constrained by token-based inference costs, yet the cos